Download Full Version CISM Isaca Exam

 = A forensic examination is a process of collecting, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a manner that is legally acceptable. The first step in conducting a forensic examination is to create an image of the original data on new media, such as a hard disk, a CD-ROM, or a USB drive. This is done to ensure that the original data is not altered, damaged, or destroyed during the examination. An image is an exact copy of the data, including the file system, the slack space, and the deleted files. Creating an image also allows the examiner to work on a duplicate of the data, rather than the original, which may be needed as evidence in court. Booting the original hard disk on a clean system is not a good practice, as it may change the data on the disk, such as the timestamps, the registry entries, and the log files. Duplicating data from the backup media is not sufficient, as the backup media may not contain all the data that is relevant to the investigation, such as the deleted files, the temporary files, and the swap files. Shutting down and relocating the server is not advisable, as it may cause data loss, corruption, or tampering. The server should be kept running and isolated from the network until an image is created. References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 204-205.

Prior to conducting a forensic examination, an information security manager should create an image of the original data on new media. This is done in order to preserve the evidence, as making changes to the original data could potentially alter or destroy the evidence. Creating an image of the data also helps to ensure that the data remains intact and free from any interference or tampering.

 A security information and event management (SIEM) system is a tool that collects, analyzes, and correlates security events from various sources, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and other devices. A SIEM system can provide real-time alerts, dashboards, reports, and forensic analysis of security incidents. The greatest value of a SIEM system is that it can facilitate the monitoring of risk occurrences by identifying anomalies, trends, patterns, and indicators of compromise that may otherwise go unnoticed. A SIEM system can also help with incident response, compliance, and audit activities by providing evidence and documentation of security events.

References =

ISACA, CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, 2020, page 2291

ISACA, CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database - 12 Month Subscription, 2020, question ID 2082

The greatest value provided by a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system is facilitating the monitoring of risk occurrences. SIEM systems collect, analyze and alert on security-related data from various sources such as firewall logs, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and system logs. This allows organizations to identify security threats in real-time and respond quickly, helping to mitigate potential harm to their systems and data.

= The most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture is that the responsibility for security rests with all employees, not just the information security function or the management. A security risk-aware culture is a collective mindset of the people in the organization working every day to protect the enterprise and its information assets from internal and external threats. A security risk-aware culture requires the workforce to know the security risks and the processes for avoiding or mitigating them, and to make thoughtful decisions that align with security policies and standards. A security risk-aware culture also incorporates a broader corporate culture of day-to-day actions that encourage employees to report security incidents, share security best practices, and participate in security awareness and training programs. A security risk-aware culture helps to reduce the human factor that causes 90 percent of all cyberattacks, and to offset the impact of corrupted or lost data, decreased revenue, regulatory fines, and reputational damage. A security risk-aware culture turns people from assets that must be protected into assets that actively contribute to the cybersecurity and risk management posture and elevate security to being a business enabler rather than a business impediment123.

Personal information requires different security controls than sensitive information is a true statement, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. Personal information is any information that can identify or relate to a natural person, such as name, address, email, phone number, social security number, etc. Sensitive information is any information that is confidential, proprietary, or has a high value or impact to the organization, such as trade secrets, financial data, customer data, intellectual property, etc. Different types of information may have different legal, regulatory, contractual, or ethical obligations to protect them from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Therefore, different security controls may be applied to personal and sensitive information based on their classification, such as encryption, access control, retention, disposal, etc. However, this message does not address the broader concept of security risk-aware culture, which is not limited to information classification and protection, but also encompasses the behaviors, attitudes, and values of the employees towards security.

Employee access should be based on the principle of least privilege is a good practice, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. The principle of least privilege states that users should only have the minimum level of access and permissions that are necessary to perform their job functions, and no more. This principle helps to reduce the risk of unauthorized or inappropriate actions, such as data leakage, fraud, sabotage, etc., by limiting the exposure and impact of user activities. However, this message does not capture the essence of security risk-aware culture, which is not only about access control, but also about the awareness, understanding, and commitment of the employees to security.

Understanding an information asset’s value is critical to risk management is a valid point, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. Understanding an information asset’s value is essential to determine the potential impact and likelihood of a security risk, and to prioritize the appropriate risk response strategies, such as avoidance, mitigation, transfer, or acceptance. However, this message does not reflect the holistic nature of security risk-aware culture, which is not only about risk assessment, but also about risk communication, risk treatment, and risk monitoring. References =

Building a Culture of Security - ISACA2

The Risk-Conscious, Security-Aware Culture: The Forgotten Critical Security Control - Cisco3

CISM ITEM DEVELOPMENT GUIDE - ISACA4

Patch management files are the files that contain the patches or updates for the software applications and systems that are installed on the compromised system. Patch management files are essential to recover a compromised system that needs a complete rebuild, as they can help to restore the functionality, security, and performance of the system. Without patch management files, the system may not be able to run properly or securely, and may expose the organization to further risks or vulnerabilities. Network system logs, configuration management files, and intrusion detection system (IDS) logs are also important for recovering a compromised system, but they should be considered after patch management files. Network system logs can help to identify the source and scope of the attack, configuration management files can help to restore the original settings and policies of the system, and IDS logs can help to detect any malicious activities or anomalies on the system. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, pages 193-1941; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 672