All CISM Test Inside Isaca Questions

The most effective way to prevent information security incidents is to implement a security awareness training program for employees. Security awareness training provides employees with the knowledge and skills they need to identify potential security threats and protect their systems from unauthorized access and malicious activity. Security awareness training also helps to ensure that employees understand their roles and responsibilities when it comes to information security, and can help to reduce the risk of information security incidents by making employees more aware of potential risks. Additionally, implementing a security information and event management (SIEM) tool, deploying a consistent incident response approach, and deploying intrusion detection tools in the network environment can also help to reduce the risk of security incidents

 = A forensic examination is a process of collecting, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a manner that is legally acceptable. The first step in conducting a forensic examination is to create an image of the original data on new media, such as a hard disk, a CD-ROM, or a USB drive. This is done to ensure that the original data is not altered, damaged, or destroyed during the examination. An image is an exact copy of the data, including the file system, the slack space, and the deleted files. Creating an image also allows the examiner to work on a duplicate of the data, rather than the original, which may be needed as evidence in court. Booting the original hard disk on a clean system is not a good practice, as it may change the data on the disk, such as the timestamps, the registry entries, and the log files. Duplicating data from the backup media is not sufficient, as the backup media may not contain all the data that is relevant to the investigation, such as the deleted files, the temporary files, and the swap files. Shutting down and relocating the server is not advisable, as it may cause data loss, corruption, or tampering. The server should be kept running and isolated from the network until an image is created. References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 204-205.

Prior to conducting a forensic examination, an information security manager should create an image of the original data on new media. This is done in order to preserve the evidence, as making changes to the original data could potentially alter or destroy the evidence. Creating an image of the data also helps to ensure that the data remains intact and free from any interference or tampering.

= An incremental backup method only backs up the data that has changed since the last backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. This method requires the least amount of time and storage space for backup, but it requires the most time to restore data for an application. To restore data from an incremental backup, the latest full backup and all the subsequent incremental backups are needed. A full backup method backs up all the data in a system or an application at a point in time. This method requires the most amount of time and storage space for backup, but it requires the least time to restore data for an application. To restore data from a full backup, only the latest full backup is needed. A differential backup method backs up the data that has changed since the last full backup. This method requires more time and storage space for backup than the incremental method, but less than the full backup method. It also requires less time to restore data for an application than the incremental method, but more than the full backup method. To restore data from a differential backup, the latest full backup and the latest differential backup are needed. A disk mirroring method creates an exact copy of a disk on another disk in real time. This method provides the highest level of availability and fault tolerance, but it also requires twice the amount of disk space. To restore data from a disk mirroring method, the mirrored disk can be used as the primary disk in case of a failure. References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 201-202.

The method that requires the MOST time to restore data for an application is a Full Backup. Full backups contain all the data that is required to restore an application, but the process of restoring the data is the most time-consuming as it involves copying all the data from the backup to the application. Incremental backups only backup the changes made since the last backup, differential backups only backup changes made since the last full backup, and disk mirroring provides real-time data replication, so the data is immediately available.

A balanced scorecard is a tool that can be used to demonstrate the added value of an information security program by measuring and reporting on key performance indicators (KPIs) and key risk indicators (KRIs) aligned with strategic objectives. Security baselines, a gap analysis and a SWOT analysis are all useful for assessing and improving security posture, but they do not necessarily show how security contributes to business value.