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Capacity planning is the process of estimating and allocating the required resources (such as CPU, memory, disk space, bandwidth, etc.) to meet the current and future demands of the information systems and applications. Capacity planning would prevent application failures arising from insufficient hardware resources, as it would ensure that the applications have enough resources to function properly and efficiently, and avoid performance degradation, errors, or crashes.

References = CISM Review Manual 2022, page 3081; CISM Exam Content Outline, Domain 4, Knowledge Statement 4.92; What is Capacity Planning? Definition and Examples

Ignored alert messages could have been prevented by conducting regular incident response testing because it would have ensured that the help desk staff are familiar with and trained on how to handle different types of alert messages from different sources, and how to escalate them appropriately. The server being compromised could not have been prevented by conducting regular incident response testing because it is related to security vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the server configuration or authentication mechanisms. The brute force attack could not have been prevented by conducting regular incident response testing because it is related to security threats or attacks from external sources. Stolen data could not have been prevented by conducting regular incident response testing because it is related to security breaches or incidents that may occur despite the incident response plan or process. References:

The first thing that an information security manager should do upon confirming a privileged user’s unauthorized modifications to a security application is to enforce the security configuration and require the change to be reverted. This is because the unauthorized modification may have compromised the security of the application and the data it protects, and may have violated the security policies and standards of the organization. By enforcing the security configuration and requiring the change to be reverted, the information security manager can restore the security posture of the application and prevent further unauthorized modifications.

References: The CISM Review Manual 2023 states that “the information security manager is responsible for ensuring that the security configuration of information systems is in compliance with the security policies and standards of the organization” and that “the information security manager should monitor and review the security configuration of information systems on a regular basis and take corrective actions when deviations or violations are detected” (p. 138). The CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023 also provides the following rationale for this answer: “Enforcing the security configuration and requiring the change to be reverted is the correct answer because it is the most immediate and effective action to address the unauthorized modification and to maintain the security of the application” (p. 63). Additionally, the Effective Interactive Privileged Access Review article from the ISACA Journal 2018 states that “any unauthorized changes to the production environment should be reverted back to the original state and the incident should be reported to the appropriate authority” (p. 4)1.