Isaca CISA Actual Questions

Effective governance over IT infrastructure is indicated by the ability to deliver continuous, reliable performance12. This is because good governance ensures that IT investments support business objectives and produce measurable results towards achieving their strategies2. It involves implementing management and internal controls, strengthening security, financial controls, risk mitigation, and inspection and compliance obligations3. While security awareness programs, the number of servers, and the number of security incidents can be aspects of IT governance, they are not the best indicators of its effectiveness.

References:

The Value of IT Governance - ISACA

What is IT governance? A formal way to align IT & business strategy | CIO

Robust Governance - KPMG Global

The most critical factor for the success of an information security program is management’s commitment to information security. Management’s commitment to information security means that the senior management supports, sponsors, funds, monitors and enforces the information security program within the organization. Management’s commitment to information security also demonstrates leadership, sets the tone and culture, and establishes the strategic direction and objectives for information security. User accountability for information security, alignment of information security with IT objectives, and integration of business and information security are also important factors for the success of an information security program, but they are not as critical as management’scommitment to information security, as they depend on or derive from it. References: Info Technology & Systems Resources | COBIT, Risk, Governance … - ISACA, IT Governance and Process Maturity

The primary reason an IS auditor should discuss observations with management before delivering a final report is A. Validate the audit observations. This is because discussing the observations with management can help the auditor to ensure that the findings are accurate, complete, and supported by sufficient evidence1. It can also help the auditor to obtain management’s perspective and feedback on the issues and risks identified, and to avoid any misunderstandings or surprises when the final report is issued2.

Real-time replication to a second data center means that any changes made to the primary data center are immediately copied to the secondary data center. This can improve data availability and performance, but also introduces the risk of propagating malicious or erroneous changes to the backup data center. If a cybersecurity attack compromises the primary data center, it may also affect the secondary data center, making it difficult or impossible to recover from the attack using the replicated data. Therefore, option C is the greatest risk associated with this change.

Option A is not correct because version control issues are more likely to occur with batch processing backup, which may create inconsistencies between different versions of the data. Option B is not correct because real-time replication may reduce system performance at the primary data center, but it may also improve system performance at the secondary data center by reducing latency and network traffic. Option D is not correct because although real-time replication may increase IT investment cost, this is not a risk but a trade-off that the organization has to consider.

References:

Data Replication: The Basics, Risks, and Best Practices1

Best Practices for Data Replication Between Data Centers2

The Good, Bad, and Ugly of Data Replication3