Free and Premium PMI PMI-SP Dumps Questions Answers

Activity E has four days of float. The entire project will take 19 days to complete. Float, also called slack, is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting any subsequent activities. There are two types of floats available: Free Float: It is the amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following schedule activities. Total Float: It is the total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating schedule constraint. Float is calculated by using the critical path method technique.

Answer option D is incorrect. Activity E is not on the critical path.

Answer options C and B are incorrect. These are incorrect calculations of the amount float available for Activity

E.

Work performance measurements are created from the work performance information. WPMs are an output of Control schedule, Control cost, and Control scope processes, which are monitoring and controlling processes. WPMs consist of planned versus actual performance indicators with respect to scope, schedule, and cost. They are documented and communicated to the stakeholders and are used to make project activity metrics, such as the following: Planned vs. Actual Technical performance and Scope performance Planned vs. Actual Schedule performance Planned vs. Actual Cost performance

Answer option A is incorrect. Work performance information is an input to the control schedule process and includes information on project progress and activity start and finish information.

Answer option C is incorrect. The project management plan is an input to the control schedule process.

Answer option B is incorrect. The project schedule is an input to the control schedule process.

Andy and his project team are creating the stakeholder management strategy. The goal is to identify a method to gain support through communications for the project. The stakeholder management strategy is an approach to raise the support and decrease negative impacts of stakeholders during the complete project life cycle. It consists of the following essential elements: Key stakeholders who can significantly impact the project Level of participation in the project desired for each identified stakeholder Stakeholder groups and their management

Answer option B is incorrect. The stakeholder register contains the stakeholder's identification information, assessment information, and stakeholder classification, but not the management strategy.

Answer option A is incorrect. Stakeholder assessment information is part of the stakeholder register.

Answer option C is incorrect. The communications management plan defines how and when communication will happen.

Fred should add lag time to each painting activity. Since lag time is waiting time, Fred will have to wait twenty-four hours after the priming is finished before he can start painting. What is a lag? A lag directs a delay in the successor activity. Lags require the dependent activity to have added either to the start date or to the finish date of the activity. For example, in a project of making radio-controlled airplanes, after applying glue and pasting stickers, it requires twenty-four hours to dry the glue. Any activity can be started after that only. This period, of twenty-four hours, is a lag.

Answer option C is incorrect. There is no reason to add an intermediary task as waiting. Adding lag time is the most appropriate as there are fewer activities to manage.

Answer option D is incorrect. Priming all of the room first and then painting all of the rooms would cause Fred to readjust the entire sequencing of activities. In addition, we do not know the reason why Fred has scheduled all the rooms to be primed and then painted. There may be successor activities in the project that need to enter each room, such as carpeting, as soon as a room has been painted. If that were the case the additional activities would have to wait for all of the priming to be completed and then the sequential rooms to be painted before they could start.

Answer option A is incorrect. Lead time actually moves activities closer together rather than farther apart. Lead time would cause the painting and priming activities to overlap, something that Fred does not want to happen. What is a lead? A lead allows an acceleration of the successor activity. It works just the opposite of lag. For example, in a software application project, before designing is fully completed for first phase, a program development group can start this phase programming. This overlapping of timing is a lead.

Because this project needs the specific resource of Henry, the application developer, and Henry is not available, it is considered as a resource constraint. Recall that a constraint is anything that limits the project manager's option.

Answer option C is incorrect. A resource requirement is simply the need for an application developer.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is likely a matrix organization, but it is not the best answer for this question.

Answer option A is incorrect. While there may be some competition for skilled resources, such as Henry, the application developer, it is not the best answer for this question.

The schedule performance index can be found by dividing the earned value by the planned value. In this instance, it is $180,000 / $247,500 for a value of .73. Schedule performance index (SPI) is the measure of schedule efficiency on a project. It is used in trend analysis to predict future performance. SPI is the ratio of earned value to planned value. The SPI is calculated based on the following formula: SPI = Earned Value (EV) / Planned Value (PV) If the SPI value is greater than 1, it indicates better than expected performance, whereas if the value is less than 1, it shows poor performance. The SPI value of 1 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is the schedule variance formula of EV-PV.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the TCPI formula of 1.04.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the VAC formula with a result of -$27,500.

According to the PMBOK, automated scheduling tools expedite the scheduling process. The scheduling tool is used in combination with manual methods or further project management software to carry out the schedule network analysis to produce an updated project schedule.

Answer option C is incorrect. The project management information system is the complete project management software package beyond just the scheduling portion.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is not a valid answer.

Answer option A is incorrect. While the software may be made available as a part of organizational process assets, the best answer is the scheduling tool.

The schedule development process is used for selecting a scheduling method, scheduling tool, incorporating project specific data within that scheduling tool to develop a project specific schedule model, and generating project schedule. Schedule development is the process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule. Inserting the activities, durations, and resources into the scheduling tool generates a schedule with planned dates for completing the project activities. The goal of the schedule development is to form the processes such that the stakeholders can use it in the creation of the project. Schedule development consists of two main sections:

ArticlesItemsReportsHelp

1.Input and Data: The starting point for any schedule is the input of information developed during the planning process.

Define schedule scope

Breakdown structure relationships

Schedule specification

Feedback from stakeholders

Cost estimate model

2.Creating Schedule: This process provides basic knowledge in an outline structure for a study of the means, methods, and tools necessary for the project schedule development process.

Types of schedules

Activities

Durations

Relationships

Constraints and calendars

Cost and resource loading

Schedule quality analysis and compliance review

Schedule basis documentation

Answer option B is incorrect. Schedules maintenance is a method to account progress and to forecast trends, progress, and completion. Schedules are used to manage successful execution of projects. A schedule models the plan using resources and execution strategy to gather the project objectives. Periodic updates are undertaken to determine the actual progress achieved. Information obtained in the updating process, along with trend analysis and forecast of future progress, is reported to stakeholders. These progress updates include schedule maintenance to account for nominal changes to the execution plan. Depending upon the nature of change, the schedule and assumptions upon which the schedule was based significantly change. The schedule must be re-examined and updated, as necessary, to develop a new baseline for measuring further progress. Schedule maintenance consists of the following elements:

Baseline Schedule

Tracking Schedule Progress

Cost and Resource Management

Schedule Change Management

Acceleration

Schedule Maintenance Feedback

Answer option D is incorrect. Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of reviewing all change requests, approving changes, and controlling changes to the deliverables and organizational process assets in a project. Perform Integrated Change Control has to do with influencing the things that cause change, determining that the change is required or has happened, and managing the change.

Answer option A is incorrect. Constructability analysis is a process that starts in the initial planning phases and persists all over the entire planning cycle and into the implementation phase of the project. Constructability analysis during the planning process examines the methods and cost of installed equipment and materials, technology, site conditions, resources, and related infrastructure. The benefit of constructability analysis is to reduce both the time and cost of a project. Constructability analysis is repeatedly performed throughout the life-cycle of a project in order to optimize cost, plan, and schedule while mitigating risk. It is a very important process that needs to be performed early in planning to allow alternatives to be considered and integrated into the design.

If a resource leveling heuristic, such as 45 hours maximum per time period, is enforced on the project, then the project schedule will take longer to complete. What is resource leveling heuristics? Resource leveling heuristics is a prioritization method that allocates inadequate resources to critical path activities first. It is a schedule network analysis technique useful to a schedule that has already been analyzed by the critical path method. It is used when shared or critical essential resources are only available at certain times, in limited quantities, or to keep resource usage at a constant level. It is a technique that resolves resource conflicts by delaying tasks within their slack allowances. Resource leveling is the process in which project teams come across problems when developing their project schedules. If a company has multiple projects running simultaneously that require the same resources, then problems can arise. It can often cause the critical path method to change.

Answer option A is incorrect. The 45-hour limit is a restriction on the project.

Answer option C is incorrect. The project will not take less time to complete because the project team members won't be able to complete as much work in the same amount of time.

Answer option D is incorrect. The project may require more resources if the project manager and management want the project to finish by a particular date. In this question, however, the focus is on what will happen to the project schedule, not the project staffing.

These are some communication activities that Tom uses to communicate with the team and the stakeholders. Communications skills are part of general management skills and are used to exchange information. Communication has many dimensions: Written and oral, listening, and speaking Internal (within the project) and external (customer, the media, the public) Formal (reports, briefings) and informal (memos, ad hoc conversations) Vertical (up and down the organization) and horizontal (with peers) Communication is the most important skill that a project manager must posses. It is the single most important characteristics of a top-class project manager. Project managers must communicate well in order to integrate and maximize the performance of team members. Oral and written communications are the backbone of every successful project. During different phases of a project, a project manager requires to communicate through different manners (for example, documentation, meeting updates, etc.) and he must ensure that the information communicated is explicit, clear, and complete.

Answer option C is incorrect. It is a technique to resolve conflict that arises while communicating with different parties.

When the project manager elects to use fast tracking the project manager is allowing phases of the project to overlap. When phases overlap there is added risk to the project. Fast tracking is a technique for compressing project schedule. In fast tracking, phases are overlapped that would normally be done in sequence. It is shortening the project schedule without reducing the project scope.

Answer option C is incorrect. Management's greatest concern is about the added risks of fast tracking and not about the SPI.

Answer option A is incorrect. Costs are added when the project manager elects to crash a project.

Answer option D is incorrect. Quality may suffer, but the most prominent concern is the added risks to the project work.

The project staffing management plan will define how resources are brought onto the project team, how they are managed while on the project team, and how they may be released from the project team. The staffing management plan is part of human resources plan. It is a subsidiary plan of the overall project management plan and defines when project team members will be brought onto and released from the project. It describes when and how human resource requirements will be met. Depending upon the needs of the project, it can be formal or informal, highly detailed or broadly framed. The staffing management plan may include the following items: Staff acquisition, resource calendars, staff release plan, training needs, recognition and rewards, compliance, and safety.

Answer option D is incorrect. The communications management plan defines project communication requirements and expectations.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid project management plan.

Answer option A is incorrect. The project schedule management will define when resources are needed and scheduled. But it will not define how resources are allowed to be released from the project.

What-if scenario analysis explains the analysis of the question "What if the situation represented by scenario 'X' happens?". This What-If Scenario Analysis shortly named as WIS

A. A schedule network analysis is performed using the schedule to compute the different scenarios, such as extending specific engineering durations, or delaying a major component delivery. Businesses use what-if scenarios to determine the effect different costs or investments have on profit and other financial indicators.

Answer option A is incorrect. The schedule analysis is the review of the schedule, but does not examine other possibilities for completing the project work.

Answer option D is incorrect. The root cause analysis helps to determine the reasons why the project is running late.

Answer option B is incorrect. The resource leveling causes the project's duration to increase. It is a technique that resolves resource conflicts by delaying tasks within their slack allowances. The resource leveling is the process in which project teams come across problems when developing their project schedules.

A performance report is needed to communicate the variance between planned work and actual work. A performance report is made by the project team detailing activities, milestones, problems, accomplishments, and identified issues. Performance reports are used to report some key information as follows: Current status Scheduled activities Significant accomplishment for the period Forecasts Issues

Answer option A is incorrect. An issue report is not the best answer for this scenario. Issues are recorded in the issue log and an issue owner is assigned.

Answer option B is incorrect. An exceptions report is a tempting answer as this is an exception to the project. PMI does not use this terminology.

Answer option C is incorrect. Variance analysis is the activity of reviewing the variance to determine why it exists.

The judgmental forecasting method incorporates intuitive judgments, opinions and subjective probability estimates. Some examples of judgmental forecasting are as follows:

Composite forecasts

Surveys

Delphi method

Scenario building

Technology forecasting

Forecast by analogy

Answer option C is incorrect. Autoregressive moving average is an example of the causal/econometric method.

A salience model uses three values to classify stakeholders: power, urgency, and legitimacy in the project. The salience model is a technique for categorizing stakeholders according to their importance. The various difficulties faced by the project managers are as follows: How to choose the right stakeholders? How to prioritize competing claims of the stakeholders communication needs? Stakeholder salience is determined by the evaluation of their power, legitimacy and urgency in the organization. Power is defined as the ability of the stakeholder to impose their will. Urgency is the need for immediate action. Legitimacy shows the stakeholders participation is appropriate or not. . The model allows the project manager to decide the relative salience of a particular stakeholder.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is a description of a power/interest grid.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is a description of an influence/impact grid over the project.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is a description of a power/impact over the project.

The project communications management plan is a document to define who needs what information, when the information is needed, and the modality the information is expected. Stakeholder communication preferences are also recorded here. What is Project Communication Management? Project Communications Management is one of the nine Knowledge Areas. It employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information. The following processes are part of Project Communications Management: Identify Stakeholders

Plan Communications

Distribute information

Manage Stakeholder Expectations

Report Performance

The Project Communications Management processes provide the critical links among people and information that are necessary for successful communications. These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other Knowledge Areas as well.

Answer option D is incorrect as the project scope management plan defines how the scope is created, managed, how changes to the scope are managed, and how the scope is validated.

Answer option B is incorrect as the project reporting structure defines who reports to whom, not the preferences and requirements for communication.

Answer option C is incorrect as the project schedule defines when project activities are to occur.

Fast tracking is a technique for compressing project schedule. In fast tracking, phases are overlapped that would normally be done in sequence. It is shortening the project schedule without reducing the project scope.

Answer option D is incorrect. Crashing is a process in that the project manager adds more resources to effort-driven activities in an attempt to shorten their duration.

Answer option A is incorrect. A lag time is a delay between the predecessor and the successor tasks. Sometimes it may be needed to schedule a delay between the predecessor and the successor tasks. For example, if two coats of paint are required to paint a car, then the final coat should be applied only when the first coat dries. This delay is known as the lag time. The lag time is entered as a positive value. The lag time can be entered as a duration or as a percentage of the predecessor's task duration. It is entered on the Predecessor tab in the Task Information dialog box.

Answer option B is incorrect. A lead time is the time that overlaps between the predecessor and the successor tasks. The successor task can start before the predecessor task finishes. For example, if a task can start when its predecessor is one-fourth finished, a finish-to-start dependency with a lead time of 25 percent for the successor task can be specified. The lead time is entered as a negative value. The lead time can be entered as a duration or as a percentage of the predecessor's task duration. It is entered on the Predecessor tab in the Task Information dialog box.

The autoregressive moving average is an example of a causal/econometric method for the forecasting project performance. The casual/econometric forecasting method uses the assumption that it is possible to identify the underlying factors, which might influence the variable being forecasted. For example, sales of umbrellas might be associated with weather conditions. If the causes are understood, projections of the influencing variables can be made and used in the forecast. Some examples of casual/econometric forecasting method are as follows: Regression analysis using linear regression or non-linear regression Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) Econometrics

Answer option B is incorrect. The time series method relies on the earned value, moving average, extrapolation, and growth curve.

Answer option A is incorrect. The judgmental methods use intuition, the Delphi method, and forecast by analogy.

Answer option C is incorrect. The ensemble forecasting is not part of the causal/econometric method for forecasting.

Your schedule variance is -$33,750. You can find this by using the formula earned value-minus planned.

Answer option C is incorrect. Cost is not the largest variance in the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. Cost is not the largest variance in the project (it is -$8,000).

Answer option D is incorrect. -$20,000 is the variance at completion for the project.

A phase is a combination of associated activities that represent a distinct stage within a project. A phase can have distinct start and finish dates and include several stages of planning and work. Each project has a defined scope of work, such as a unique product or service. Some examples of phases within the scope of work for a project plan are conceptual engineering, pre-construction, and engineering.

Answer option A is incorrect. Concrete is an activity, not a project phase.

The difference between the buffer needed and the buffer remaining can determine whether corrective action is appropriate.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not an accurate description of how the critical chain determines the need for corrective action.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is not an accurate description of how the critical chain determines the need for corrective action.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is not an accurate description of how the critical chain determines the need for corrective action.

Management is asking Sam to use the judgmental methods to predict how the project will finish on time and cost. The judgmental forecasting method incorporates intuitive judgments, opinions and subjective probability estimates. Some examples of judgmental forecasting are as follows: Composite forecasts Surveys Delphi method Scenario building Technology forecasting Forecast by analogy

Answer option B is incorrect. Time series methods of forecasting use earned value management, moving average, extrapolation, linear prediction, trend estimation, and growth curve.

Answer option D is incorrect. The earned value management method is actually a part of the time series forecasting method.

Answer option C is incorrect. The causal/econometric methods use linear and non-linear regression, autoregressive moving average, and econometrics.

The float for Activity I is three days. The early start for Activity I is Day 17 and the late start for Activity I is Day 20. Therefore, the difference of the early start and the late start reveals the float as three days. It is possible, and acceptable, to use the difference of the early finish and the late finish to find the float, as the value will be the same amount.

Answer options B, D, and C are incorrect. These are not the valid calculation for the total float.

The performance measurement baseline, which can be comprised of cost, scope, and schedule, is the foundation for creating a performance report.

Answer option B is incorrect. The scope baseline will only reflect the performance of the scope, whereas performance reports typically need scope, time, and cost as its foundation.

Answer option A is incorrect. Cost variances and the cost performance index are cost values that must be considered along with the scope performance and schedule performance.

Answer option D is incorrect. Only reporting performance on the schedule is not enough for a performance report. Laura should also report on scope and cost at a minimum.

According to the PMBOK, Gina will not need the WBS directly, but will rely on the scope baseline. A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in project management is a tool that defines a project and groups the project's discrete work elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project. A WBS element may be a product, data, a service, or any combination. WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development and control.

Answer option A is incorrect. The scope baseline is an input to define the project activities.

Answer option D is incorrect. Enterprise environmental factors are an input to define the project activities.

Answer option B is incorrect. Organizational process assets are an input to define the project activities.

Resource-oriented scheduling focuses on using and scheduling particular resources in an effective manner. This type of scheduling should be used whenever there are limited resources available for a project and the struggle for these resources between the project activities is intense. As a result, delays are likely to arise in such cases, as actions must wait until general resources become available. Resource-oriented scheduling is also suitable in cases where unique resources are to be used, such as when there is only one excavator available in an excavation operation.

Answer option B is incorrect. Time-oriented scheduling is a time-scheduling method that focuses on determining the finishing time of a project. It also specifies the crucial precedence relationships among the activities involved in the project. In time-oriented scheduling, the appropriate time is allocated for the whole project through the successive stages of the project life cycle.

Answer option A is incorrect. Critical path scheduling is a technique that calculates the minimum completion time for a project along with the possible start and finish times for the project activities.

Answer option D is incorrect. Network scheduling provides a basis for obtaining facts for decision making.

The critical path is the path in the project network diagram with the longest duration. In project management, a critical path is the sequence of project network activities which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). In this instance path ACGIJ is the longest as it takes 23 days.

Answer options C and D are incorrect. These paths take 13 days.

Answer option A is incorrect. This path only takes 19 days.

The risk owner is the individual on the project team that is closest to the risk event. The risk owner can be an individual or an organization responsible for implementing risk responses or contingency plan. The risk owner should be empowered with the ability to respond to the risk as it was planned.

Answer option A is incorrect. Diane is the project manager and likely won't be the risk owner as well.

Answer option B is incorrect. The project sponsor authorizes the project but does not participate in the execution of the project.

Answer option D is incorrect. While a subject matter expert may be the risk owner on some occasions, he won't be the risk owner on every occasion.

Because the activities in Beth's project require Tim and his skills. This is an example of an activity resource requirement. A resource constraint would also have been an acceptable answer.

Answer option B is incorrect. This may be a matrix organization, but matrix network is not a valid project management term.

Answer option C is incorrect. Organizational process assets are things that have been created to help assist the management of the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. A resource calendar conflict is not a valid project management term.

This is an example of a preventive action as you're working with the team before they install the doors to train them on the installation. The checklist is a quality control tool but the question was asking for a project execution activity. Preventive and corrective actions are part of project execution.

Answer option D is incorrect. Quality control is a controlling and monitoring process, not an executing process.

Answer option B is incorrect. The defect repair validation comes after the project team has corrected an error - something that has not occurred in this instance.

Answer option C is incorrect. Corrective action is a response to something that needs to be corrected in the project.

he schedule variance can be found by subtracting the planned value form the earned value. In this instance, it is $2,025,000 minus $2,250,000. SV = 2,025,000 - 2,250,000 = -225,000 Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the cost variance for the project.

Answer option B is incorrect. 13 percent is not a valid answer.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is not a valid variance for this question; variances are typically negative numbers.

The change management system comprises several components that guide the change request through the process. When a change request is made, it will affect the project scope. The Configuration Management System evaluates the change request, and documents the features and functions of the change on the project scope. What is Configuration Management System? Configuration Management System is a subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures used to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a product, result, service, or component of the project. It also controls any changes to such characteristics, and records and reports each change and its implementation status. It includes the documentation, tracking systems, and defined approval levels necessary for authorizing and controlling changes. Audits are performed as part of configuration management to determine if the requirements have been met.

Answer option D is incorrect. Integrated Change Control, part of the change control system, does not document changes to the features and functions of the project scope. It evaluates the change's impact on eight knowledge areas: scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communication, risk, and procurement. What is Perform Integrated Change Control? Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of reviewing all change requests, approving changes, and controlling changes to the deliverables and organizational process assets in a project. Perform Integrated Change Control has to do with influencing the things that cause change, determining that the change is required or has happened, and managing the change.

Answer option A is incorrect. Verify scope is a process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. It is an inspection- driven process the stakeholders will complete to inspect the project scope deliverables. It is typically performed at the end of the phase and at the end of the project.

Answer option C is incorrect. The Project Management Information System (PMIS) is an information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes. It is used to support all aspects of the project from initiating through closing, and can include both manual and automated systems. It is the parent of the change control process. It is a system that includes all of the change control processes for scope, time, cost, and procurement. Configuration management is part of the PMIS.

The schedule variance is found by subtracting the planned value from the earned value. The earned value is the percentage of the project completeness multiplied by the BAC. Planned value is the percentage of where the project should be at this time multiplied by the BAC. In this example, EV = 40% of BAC = 260,000, and PV = 50% of BAC = 325,000 SV = 260,000 - 325,000 = -65,000

Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula:

SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV)

If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer options B, C, and A are incorrect. These are not valid calculations of the schedule variance.

Project document updates are not an output of the Define Activities process. Project document updates are the outputs for estimate activity resources. Project document updates include the following:

Activity list

Activity attributes

Resource calendars

Answer option A is incorrect. The activity list is an output of the define activities process.

Answer option C is incorrect. The activity attributes is an output of the define activities process.

Answer option B is incorrect. The milestone list is an output of the define activities process.

There is positive variance of $122,845 on Fred's project. Variances can be either positive or negative. Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is the project's variance at completion.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is the cost variance for the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is not a valid answer for the project.

The graphic shown in the figure is a communications bull's eye. The project manager must keep the project within the boundaries defined by the bull's eye or he will need to generate a performance report. This is an example of management by exception because the project manager only communicates with management when there is an exception, or variance, within the project.

Answer options C, B, and D are incorrect. These are not valid terms for the communications bull's eye.

The procurement SOW consists of a description of some collateral services required, such as performance reporting or post- project operational support for the procured item. The procurement SOW is revised and refined as required when it moves through the procurement process until incorporated into a signed contract award.

The project calendar defines the working hours for the project, including any days that project work will not happen due to the organizational calendar.

Answer option D is incorrect. The company calendar is not the correct choice for this question.

Answer option C is incorrect. The organizational calendar is not the correct choice for this question.

Answer option B is incorrect. The resource calendar defines whether resources the project needs will be available. The resources include people, facilities, equipment, and other things that project needs to be completed.

An activity is an individual element of work that is logically linked to other activities to form the schedule. Its primary characteristics include an overall duration based upon the resources applied to it (manpower, material, and equipment), as well as a start and completion date that is tied to a work calendar. It also has a relationship with other activities (predecessors and successors).

Ben's project will have 140 more communication channels because of the five additional stakeholders. To solve the question, you will need to find the current stakeholder communication channels first, which is (26*25)/2= 325, and then find the difference of the number of channels for the five additional stakeholders. You can use the formula of N(N-1), where N is the number of stakeholders. In this example, the formula would read: Total number of communication channels that Ben will have next = ((31*30)/2)-((26*25)/2 =140

Answer option D is incorrect. Five is the number of additional stakeholders.

Answer option B is incorrect. 10 is the number of communication channels among just five stakeholders.

Answer option C is incorrect. 325 is the number of current communication channels.

The main function of the schedule model is to provide a useful 'road map' that can be used by the project manager and the project team to assist them in completing the project fruitfully. A well-developed schedule model is an active tool used to predict at what time the project work that remains to be completed can reasonably be completed. The schedule model allows the project team to look at the performance of the project to date, and use that data to make more accurate projections about the future.

A corrective action is a change implemented to address a weakness identified in a management system. Normally corrective actions are implemented in response to a customer complaint, abnormal levels of internal nonconformity, nonconformities identified during an internal audit or adverse or unstable trends in product and process monitoring such as would be identified by SP

C. It is method of identifying and eliminating the causes of a problem, thus preventing their reappearance. Examples of a corrective action are : Improvements to maintenance schedules Improvements to material handling or storage

Answer option A is incorrect. Lessons learned is a documentation of the errors and how they were resolved, not a method to prevent the errors from occurring again.

Answer option C is incorrect. Preventive action addresses any action or act in which the project management team and the team leader provide documented direction to carry out an activity that is meant to decrease the possibility of negative consequences related to project risk.

Answer option B is incorrect. Risk analysis examines the risk events, its probability, and its impact on the project.

Constructability analysis takes into account the location, logistics, resource availability analysis, the average price of general labor in the area, and labor productivity studies from previous similar projects in the area. Constructability analysis is a process that starts in the initial planning phases and persists all over the entire planning cycle and into the implementation phase of the project. Constructability analysis during the planning process examines the methods and cost of installed equipment and materials, technology, site conditions, resources, and related infrastructure. The benefit of constructability analysis is to reduce both the time and cost of a project. Constructability analysis is repeatedly performed throughout the life-cycle of a project in order to optimize cost, plan, and schedule while mitigating risk. It is a very important process that needs to be performed early in planning to allow alternatives to be considered and integrated into the design.

Answer option A is incorrect. This comes under the quality assurance phase.

Resource leveling is a rule of limiting the total number of hours a project team may work during a given time period in the project. If management restricts the project work to 45 per week, as in this example, Holly's schedule will likely increase because the project team can't complete as much work in one given time period. While this may be seen as a constraint, because it limits Holly's options, it's technically called a resource leveling heuristic.

Answer option B is incorrect. It is an assumption that's believed to be true, but it hasn't been proven to be true.

Answer option C is incorrect. Execution variance analysis describes the difference between what was planned and what was executed. A better term for this experience would simply be a scope variance, scope change, or defect.

The Develop Project Charter process documents the formal authorization of a project or a phase. It also documents initial requirements that satisfy the stakeholder's needs and expectations. It is used to validate the decisions made during the previous iteration of the Develop Project Charter process. The various inputs of this process are as follows: Project statement of work

Business case

Contract

Enterprise environmental factors

Organizational process assets

The output of the Develop project Charter process is as follows:

Project charter

Answer option A is incorrect. Procurement document is the input of the Identify Stakeholders process.

Crashing adds more workers to the project team. Crashing allows the project to complete faster because there are more people helping with the project work.

Answer option D is incorrect. Reducing the project scope is called descoping or project scope changes.

Answer option A is incorrect. Crashing does not consider the working hours.

Answer option B is incorrect. Resource leveling actually increases the project duration.

The various group creativity techniques are as follows: Brainstorming: It is a technique used to generate and collect multiple ideas related to the project and product requirements. Nominal group technique: It is a technique used to enhance brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or prioritization. Delphi technique: It is a techniques used to identify potential risk. In this technique, the responses are gathered via a questionnaire from different experts and their inputs are organized according to their contents. Idea/mind mapping: It is a technique used to map the ideas generated by brainstorming to reflect the commonality and differences in understanding and generating new ideas. Affinity diagram: It is a technique used to allow a large number of ideas to be sorted into groups for review and analysis.