Newly Released Isaca CRISC Exam PDF

The most important factor for management to consider when deciding whether to invest in an IT initiative that exceeds management’s risk appetite is C. Risk tolerance1

According to the CRISC Review Manual, risk tolerance is the acceptable level of variation that management is willing to allow for any specific risk as the enterprise pursues its objectives. Risk tolerance reflects the degree of uncertainty that an organization is prepared to accept in relation to achieving its goals2

When an IT initiative exceeds management’s risk appetite, it means that the potential benefits of the initiative are outweighed by the potential negative consequences or losses that could result from the initiative. However, management may still decide to invest in the initiative if the level of uncertainty or variation is within the organization’s risk tolerance. For example, management may accept a higher level of risk for a strategic or innovative initiative that could provide a competitive advantage or a significant return on investment3

Addressing Technical Complexity:

Security Architecture Alignment: Aligning with a security architecture helps manage the complexity by providing a structured framework for implementing and managing security controls.

Comprehensive Framework: A security architecture ensures that all security controls are integrated and aligned with the organization’s overall security strategy, reducing the risk associated with technical complexity.

Steps Involved:

Develop or Adopt a Security Architecture: Use established frameworks such as SABSA, TOGAF, or Zachman.

Implementation: Apply the security architecture across all systems and processes to ensure consistency and integration.

Monitoring and Maintenance: Continuously monitor the security architecture and update it as necessary to address new threats and technologies.

Comparison with Other Options:

Documenting System Hardening Requirements: Important but does not address the overall complexity.

Minimizing Dependency on Technology: Not always feasible and does not fully address the inherent complexity.

Establishing Configuration Guidelines: Helpful but should be part of the broader security architecture.

Best Practices:

Continuous Improvement: Regularly update and improve the security architecture to adapt to evolving threats and technologies.

Training and Awareness: Ensure that all relevant personnel understand the security architecture and their role in maintaining it.

CRISC Review Manual: Discusses the importance of aligning with a security architecture to manage technical complexity and ensure comprehensive security controls​​.

ISACA Standards: Emphasize the role of security architecture in providing a structured approach to managing security across the organization​​.

References:

Integrity is the property of data that ensures its accuracy, completeness, and consistency2. If concurrent update transactions to an account are not processed properly, the integrity of the data may be compromised, as it may lead to concurrency problems such as lost update, unrepeatable read, or phantom read3. These problems can cause the data to be incorrect, incomplete, or inconsistent, which may affect the reliability and validity of the data. Therefore, option D is the correct answer, as it reflects the impact of improper concurrent update transactions on the data integrity. The other options are not correct, as they do not directly relate to the effect of concurrent update transactions on the data. Option A, confidentiality, is the property of data that ensures its protection from unauthorized access or disclosure2. Concurrent update transactions do not necessarily affect the confidentiality of the data, as they do not involve exposing the data to unauthorized parties. Option B, accountability, is the property of data that ensures its traceability and auditability2. Concurrent update transactions do not necessarily affect the accountability of the data, as they do not involve losing the records or logs of the data transactions. Option C, availability, is the property of data that ensures its accessibility and usability2. Concurrent update transactions do not necessarily affect the availability of the data, as they do not involve preventing the access or use of the data.