CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Exam Questions and Answers PDF

Masking is a method to secure credit card data that involves replacing some or all of the digits with symbols, such as asterisks, dashes, or Xs, while leaving some of the original digits visible. Masking is best to use when a requirement is to see only the last four numbers on a credit card, as it can prevent unauthorized access to the full card number, while still allowing identification and verification of the cardholder. Masking does not alter the original data, unlike encryption, hashing, or tokenization, which use algorithms to transform the data into different formats.

A watering-hole attack is a type of cyberattack that targets groups of users by infecting websites that they commonly visit. The attackers exploit vulnerabilities to deliver a malicious payload to the organization’s network. The attack aims to infect users’ computers and gain access to a connected corporate network. The attackers target websites known to be popular among members of a particular organization or demographic. The attack differs from phishing and spear-phishing attacks, which typically attempt to steal data or install malware onto users’ devices1

In this scenario, the compromised industry blog is the watering hole that the attackers used to spread malware across the company’s network. The attackers likely chose this blog because they knew that the employees of the company were interested in its content and visited it frequently. The attackers may have injected malicious code into the blog or redirected the visitors to a spoofed website that hosted the malware. The malware then infected the employees’ computers and propagated to the network.

References1: Watering Hole Attacks: Stages, Examples, Risk Factors & Defense …

Memory injectionoccurs whenmalicious code is written into the memory space of a running process, allowing it to execute without writing anything to disk. This is often used infileless malware attacks, making detection harder.

A (privilege escalation)describes a race condition, not memory injection.

B (unexpected data causing execution)describes abuffer overflow attack, not memory injection.

D (overwriting an executable)is apersistence technique, but it is not an example of in-memory injection.