Passed Exam Today H12-891_V1.0

Virtual Networks in Huawei CloudCampus Solution:

Virtual networks (VNs) aresegmented based on services(e.g., IoT, Guest Wi-Fi, Enterprise Wi-Fi).

Each VN has its ownrouting and forwarding instance(VRF).

Isolation Between Virtual Networks:

By default,different virtual networks are isolated.

If inter-VN communication is required, it must be manually configuredusingpolicy-based routing (PBR), inter-VRF routing, or firewall policies.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Guide – Virtual Networks and Segmentation

HCIE-Datacom Training Material – Policy-Based Inter-VN Communication

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

In MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), thelabel retention modedetermines how an LSR (Label Switching Router) handles labels received from its neighbors:

Liberal Mode:

An LSRretains all labels distributed by its neighbors, not just the labels from the next-hop LSR.

This approachensures faster convergencebecause the LSR does not need to request new labels if the next hop changes.

Itdoes not save memory or label space, as it stores more labels than strictly necessary.

Conservative Mode:

An LSRonly retains labels from its next-hop neighbors, saving memory and label space.

StatementsCandDare correct because they accurately describe liberal mode.

StatementsAandBare incorrect because they describe conservative mode.

A screenshot of a computer AI-generated content may be incorrect.

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) provides secure communication over IP networks through several essential functions. Let’s explain each function and its purpose:

1. Data Origin Authentication:

Description:The receiver verifies the identity of the sender.

This function ensures that the data received actually comes from the claimed source.

IPsec achieves this usingIKE (Internet Key Exchange)anddigital signatures.

TheAuthentication Header (AH)andEncapsulating Security Payload (ESP)support authentication.

Use Case:Verifying that a message claiming to be from a specific IP address is genuinely from that source.

2. Data Encryption:

Description:The sender encrypts the data, and the receiver decrypts the data.

Encryption ensuresdata confidentialityby transforming readable data (plaintext) into unreadable data (ciphertext).

Only the intended receiver with the correct decryption key can convert the ciphertext back to plaintext.

Common encryption algorithms used includeAES (Advanced Encryption Standard)andDES (Data Encryption Standard).

Use Case:Protecting sensitive data transferred over public networks.

3. Data Integrity:

Description:The receiver verifies received data to determine whether the data has been tampered with.

Ensures that the data was not altered during transmission.

Uses cryptographichash functions(e.g.,SHA-1, SHA-256) to generate amessage digest.

The digest is sent with the data and verified on the receiving side.

Use Case:Detecting any changes made to the data packet during transmission.

4. Anti-Replay:

Description:The receiver rejects duplicate data packets.

Prevents attackers from capturing packets and replaying them later.

Usessequence numbersto detect replayed or duplicated packets.

The receiver keeps asliding windowof sequence numbers to compare incoming packets.

Use Case:Blocking malicious actors from sending previously intercepted packets to disrupt communication.

Why This Mapping Is Correct:

The functions and descriptions are aligned based on the core concepts of IPsec and the roles they play in ensuring secure data transmission.

Each function addresses a specific aspect of security:authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The IP prefix list configuration:

ip ip-prefix TEST permit 10.0.0.0 24 less-equal 30

10.0.0.0/24: Matches because it falls within the10.0.0.0/24prefix with thesame prefix length (24).

10.0.1.0/24: Matches because it also falls within the/24network range.

10.0.2.0/24: Matches for the same reason as the above.

10.0.0.1/30: Matches because it falls within the/24 prefixand itssubnet length (30)is within theless-equal 30range.

The prefix list permits any route that falls within the10.0.0.0/24network with asubnet mask ranging from /24 to /30. Therefore,all given routes are matched.