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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:For2024, the401(k) contribution limitis:

$23,000.00 for employees under 50 years old.

$30,500.00 for employees 50 and older(includes$7,500 catch-up contribution).

Since the employee is49 years old, theydo not qualify for the catch-up contribution, so the maximum contribution is$23,000.00.

USCIS audits (C) are related to immigration compliance, not overtime violations.

DOL investigations (D) and back pay requirements (A) are common FLSA enforcement actions.

Settlement pay (B) may be required in legal resolutions of wage disputes.

References:

FLSA Overtime Enforcement Guidelines (DOL)

Payroll Compliance Guide (Payroll.org)

Form W-9is used for independent contractors (U.S. residents) butdoes NOT determine residency for tax purposes.

TheSubstantial Presence Test (B)andGreen Card Test (C)are used to determine tax residency.

Tax treaties (D) impact tax status for nonresidents.

References:

IRS Publication 519 (U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens)