SCS-C02 Exam Dumps : AWS Certified Security - Specialty

A bucket policy is a resource-based policy that defines permissions for a specific S3 bucket. It can be used to grant cross-account access to another AWS account or an IAM user or role in another account. A bucket policy can also specify which actions, resources, and conditions are allowed or denied.

A bucket ACL is an access control list that grants basic read or write permissions to predefined groups of users. It cannot be used to grant cross-account access to a specific IAM user or role in another account.

An object ACL is an access control list that grants basic read or write permissions to predefined groups of users for a specific object in an S3 bucket. It cannot be used to grant cross-account access to a specific IAM user or role in another account.

A user policy is an IAM policy that defines permissions for an IAM user or role in the same account. It cannot be used to grant cross-account access to another AWS account or an IAM user or role in another account.

For more information, see Provide cross-account access to objects in Amazon S3 buckets and Example 2: Bucket owner granting cross-account bucket permissions.

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The correct answer is C. Update the existing bucket policy in the Amazon S3 console with the new log file prefix, and then update the log file prefix in the CloudTrail console.

According to the AWS documentation1, a bucket policy is a resource-based policy that you can use to grant access permissions to your Amazon S3 bucket and the objects in it. Only the bucket owner can associate a policy with a bucket. The permissions attached to the bucket apply to all of the objects in the bucket that are owned by the bucket owner.

When you create a trail in CloudTrail, you can specify an existing S3 bucket or create a new one to store your log files. CloudTrail automatically creates a bucket policy for your S3 bucket that grants CloudTrail write-only access to deliver log files to your bucket. The bucket policy also grants read-only access to AWS services that you can use to view and analyze your log data, such as Amazon Athena, Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and Amazon QuickSight.

If you want to update the log file prefix for an existing trail, you must also update the existing bucket policy in the S3 console with the new log file prefix. The log file prefix is part of the resource ARN that identifies the objects in your bucket that CloudTrail can access. If you don’t update the bucket policy with the new log file prefix, CloudTrail will not be able to deliver log files to your bucket, and you will receive an error message when you try to save the change in the CloudTrail console.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. Creating a new trail with the updated log file prefix, and then deleting the original trail is not necessary and may cause data loss or inconsistency. You can simply update the existing trail and its associated bucket policy with the new log file prefix.
• B. Updating the existing bucket policy in the S3 console to allow the Security Engineer’s Principal to perform PutBucketPolicy is not relevant to this issue. The PutBucketPolicy action allows you to create or replace a policy on a bucket, but it does not affect CloudTrail’s ability to deliver log files to your bucket. You still need to update the existing bucket policy with the new log file prefix.
• D. Updating the existing bucket policy in the S3 console to allow the Security Engineer’s Principal to perform GetBucketPolicy is not relevant to this issue. The GetBucketPolicy action allows you to retrieve a policy on a bucket, but it does not affect CloudTrail’s ability to deliver log files to your bucket. You still need to update the existing bucket policy with the new log file prefix.

References:

1: Using bucket policies - Amazon Simple Storage Service