Helping Hand Questions for SAA-C03

AWS Storage Gateway Tape Gateway provides a seamless way to migrate backup data to AWS without requiring changes to the backup software. Migrating to S3 Glacier Deep Archive ensures long-term, cost-effective storage for data that rarely needs retrieval.

Option A:S3 Standard-IA is more expensive than Glacier for long-term storage.

Option B and D:Glacier Flexible Retrieval is costlier than Glacier Deep Archive for archival use cases with low retrieval frequency.

AWS Documentation References:

AWS Storage Gateway Tape Gateway

S3 Glacier Storage Classes

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that caches copies of your content at edge locations around the world. This helps improve performance by serving content from the edge nearest to the user. However, when the content in Amazon S3 (your origin) is updated, those updates may not immediately reflect on the website if they are cached at the CloudFront edge locations.

The issue described in the question suggests that the CI/CD pipeline is functioning correctly, and updates are being deployed to S3. However, since CloudFront caches this content, the edge locations may still be serving outdated content, causing the updates to not be reflected on the website.

To resolve this issue, you need to invalidate the CloudFront cache. By invalidating the cache, CloudFront will remove the outdated content and retrieve the latest version from the S3 origin.

AWS documentation on this process:

CloudFront cache invalidation allows you to clear items from the cache so that CloudFront retrieves the latest version from the origin. You can create invalidation requests via the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI, or SDKs.

AWS CloudFront Documentation

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Add an Application Load Balancer: ALBs are used to distribute incoming application traffic and are not relevant to caching or serving content from CloudFront.

B. Add Amazon ElastiCache for Redis or Memcached: This would help in caching database queries but has no relation to static website content hosted on CloudFront and S3.

D. Use AWS Certificate Manager (ACM): ACM is used for managing SSL/TLS certificates and is unrelated to the issue of content not being updated on CloudFront.

AWS CloudTrail Lakeis a fully managed service that allows the collection, storage, and querying ofCloudTrail eventsfor both AWS and non-AWS services. CloudTrail Lake can be customized to collect logs from various sources, ensuring a centralized audit solution. It also supports long-term storage, so logs can be retained for 7 years, meeting the compliance requirement.

Option A (Data Lake): Setting up a data lake in S3 introduces unnecessary operational complexity compared to CloudTrail Lake.

Option C (Ingest non-AWS services into CloudTrail): CloudTrail Lake is better suited for this task with less operational overhead.

Option D (CloudWatch Logs): While CloudWatch can store logs, CloudTrail Lake is specifically designed for API auditing and storage.

AWS References:

AWS CloudTrail Lake

Amazon API Gateway with CloudFront: API Gateway allows you to create, deploy, and manage APIs, while CloudFront provides a CDN to deliver content with low latency and high transfer speeds.

AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall):

AWS WAF can be configured in CloudFront to protect against common web exploits, including SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).

WAF allows you to create custom rules to block specific attack patterns and can be managed centrally.

Configuration:

Deploy your APIs using Amazon API Gateway.

Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the API Gateway.

Configure AWS WAF on the CloudFront distribution to apply security rules.

Operational Efficiency: This solution provides robust protection with minimal operational overhead by leveraging managed AWS services, ensuring that your APIs are secure without extensive custom implementation.