CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Book

Multifactor authentication is a security method that requires users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity before accessing a cloud service. For example, users may need to enter a password, a code sent to their phone or email, a biometric scan, or a physical token. Multifactor authentication can enhance the security of a cloud service that can be accessed from anywhere, as it can prevent unauthorized access even if the password is compromised or stolen. Multifactor authentication can also protect the cloud service from phishing, brute force, or replay attacks, as well as comply with regulatory or industry standards.

Multifactor authentication is different from other options, such as replication, single sign-on, or data locality. Replication is the process of copying data or resources across multiple locations, such as regions, zones, or data centers, to improve availability, performance, or backup. Single sign-on is a user authentication method that allows users to access multiple cloud services with one set of credentials, such as username and password. Data locality is the principle of storing data close to where it is used, such as in the same region, country, or jurisdiction, to improve performance, security, or compliance. While these options may also have some benefits for a cloud service that can be accessed from anywhere, they do not directly address the security concern, which is the focus of the question. References: What is MFA? - Multi-Factor Authentication and 2FA Explained - AWS, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for IAM - aws.amazon.com, Multi-Factor Authentication & Single Sign-On | Duo Security

Rip and replace is a cloud migration method that involves discarding the existing legacy system and building a new one from scratch on the cloud platform. This method allows the organization to take full advantage of the cloud computing model, such as scalability, elasticity, performance, and cost-efficiency. Rip and replace also enables the organization to leverage the cloud-native features and services, such as serverless computing, microservices, and containers. However, rip and replace is also the most complex and risky migration method, as it requires a complete redesign and redevelopment of the system, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and prone to errors. Therefore, rip and replace is only suitable for systems that are outdated, incompatible, or unsuitable for the cloud environment, and that have a clear business case and return on investment for the migration. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Cloud Migration, page 1971

The open-source licensing model for application software is a type of software license that allows anyone to access, modify, and distribute the source code of the software, subject to certain terms and conditions. The source code is the human-readable version of the software that contains the instructions and logic for how the software works. By making the source code available, open-source software licenses enable collaboration, innovation, and transparency among software developers and users. There are different types of open-source software licenses, such as permissive and copyleft licenses, that vary in the degree of freedom and restriction they impose on the use and modification of the software. However, the common characteristic of all open-source software licenses is that they grant the right to view and use the source code of the software. Therefore, option D is the best description of the open-source licensing model for application software. Option A is incorrect because it describes the opposite of the open-source licensing model. Software that is free to use, but the source code is not available to modify, is called closed-source or proprietary software. Option B is incorrect because it contradicts the open-source licensing model. Modifications to existing software are allowed under open-source software licenses, as long as they comply with the terms and conditions of the license. Option C is incorrect because it does not reflect the open-source licensing model. Code modifications do not need to be submitted for approval under open-source software licenses, although they may need to be shared with the original author or the community, depending on the license. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Concepts, Section 2.4: Cloud Service Models, Page 531 and Understanding Open-Source Software Licenses | DigitalOcean

Avoidance is a risk response strategy that involves eliminating the threat or uncertainty associated with a risk by removing the cause or the source of the risk. Avoidance can help to prevent the occurrence or the impact of a negative risk, but it may also result in the loss of potential opportunities or benefits. Avoidance is usually applied when the risk is too high or too costly to mitigate, transfer, or accept12

The business analyst is using the avoidance strategy by decommissioning the server that has a vulnerability. By doing so, the analyst is eliminating the possibility of the vulnerability being exploited or causing harm to the system or the data. However, the analyst is also losing the functionality or the value that the server provides, and may need to find an alternative solution or resource.

Mitigation is not the correct answer, because mitigation is a risk response strategy that involves reducing the probability or the impact of a negative risk by implementing actions or controls that can minimize or counteract the risk. Mitigation can help to lower the exposure or the severity of a risk, but it does not eliminate the risk completely. Mitigation is usually applied when the risk is moderate or manageable, and the cost of mitigation is justified by the potential benefit12

Transference is not the correct answer, because transference is a risk response strategy that involves shifting the responsibility or the impact of a negative risk to a third party, such as a vendor, a partner, or an insurer. Transference can help to share or distribute the risk, but it does not reduce or remove the risk. Transference is usually applied when the risk is beyond the control or the expertise of the organization, and the cost of transference is acceptable or affordable12

Acceptance is not the correct answer, because acceptance is a risk response strategy that involves acknowledging the existence or the possibility of a negative risk, and being prepared to deal with the consequences if the risk occurs. Acceptance can be passive, which means no action is taken to address the risk, or active, which means a contingency plan or a reserve is established to handle the risk. Acceptance is usually applied when the risk is low or inevitable, and the cost of avoidance, mitigation, or transference is higher than the cost of acceptance12

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