What step in the process of Intrusion Detection as shown in the exhibit would an e-mail be delivered to the security admin if an attack were presently taking place?

When a wireless client performs the initial process of communicating with an access point, what is this process called?

To verify that your PPTP implementation is working as you intended, you sniff the network after the implementation has been completed. You are looking for specific values in the captures that will indicate to you the type of packets received. You analyze the packets, including headers and payload. PPTP works at which layer of the OSI model?