L3M3 Exam Dumps : Contract Administration

Explanation

The fact that the time period and the total quantity is known means it is a 'call-off' contract. The volumes of product are 'called off' from the contract as required by the buying organisation.

Make sure you understand the difference between a call-off contract and a framework arrangement.

Under a framework arrangement, there is no obligation on the part of the buyer to use the goods / services specified.

Explanation

Taking up suppliers' time if there is no intention to purchase from them is unethical.

Negotiating with suppliers is to be encouraged; following your line manager's instructions is general-ly regarded as being a good thing, although regarding ethical issues, one is encouraged to query.

Explanation

'Market skimming' is the correct answer.

An obvious example of this type of pricing behaviour is in the field of technology, where 'early adopters' will pay significantly more for a product, even although they know the price will drop subsequently. For commercially-used products, sometimes there is an urgent need for an organisa-tion to acquire - a topical example as I write (early 2022) is some new surveillance technology which is in the news and which some governments are desperate to have. In consumer markets, everyone's 'go-to' example is the next generation smartphone, especially Apple products.

Promotional pricing is a short-term price reduction (or 'two-4-one' type offer) to generate sales in the short-term, for example to clear stock, or because of a manufacturer financial support arrangement.

Price discrimination is where the seller sets different prices for different market segments. An ex-ample would be charging different rail fares in UK or mainland Europe based on customer age.

Contribution pricing is based on the notion that sales should cover costs, contributing to the busi-ness, without necessarily making a profit. For example, a large order may be accepted which will keep the workforce employed (retaining their skills as well as having a considerate / ethical outlook) to see the firm through a rough period.