Helping Hand Questions for H12-821_V1.0

The native AC (Access Controller) function in Huawei's agile switches enables wired and wireless convergence. This integration allows the agile switch to act as both a wired network switch and a wireless controller, managing all traffic centrally. This architecture simplifies network management and improves efficiency, making the statement true ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed in-depth Step-by-Step Explanation:To establish an OSPF neighbor relationship, the following conditions must be met:

The routers must share a common network segment.

Their Hello and Dead intervals must match.

Their OSPF network types must be compatible.

The IP subnet masks must match.

If two OSPF routers are on different network segments and have different subnet masks, one solution is to change the OSPF network type to Point-to-Point (P2P) on both interfaces.

Point-to-Point (P2P):

In a P2P network type, OSPF ignores the subnet mask mismatch and establishes the neighbor relationship regardless of the network mask.

This is ideal for directly connected links between two routers.

NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access):

This network type is used for networks like Frame Relay or ATM, where a single physical interface connects to multiple neighbors.

It is not applicable to solving subnet mask mismatches for a single link.

P2MP (Point-to-Multipoint):

This type treats the link as multiple P2P links. It is mainly used in hub-and-spoke topologies.

While it can be configured to solve subnet mask mismatches, it is more complex and less commonly used compared to the P2P type.

Broadcast:

This type requires all routers on the same segment to agree on subnet masks, so it cannot resolve the subnet mask mismatch issue.

Therefore, the correct answer is A. Point-to-point.

References:

Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter on "OSPF Neighbor Relationships".

RFC 2328 – OSPF Version 2, Section 10.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Default Next Hop Behavior in BGP:

Locally Originated Routes (A): The next hop is set to the advertising router's interface IP address.

Routes Received from EBGP (B): The next hop is not changed when these routes are advertised to IBGP peers. (This makes Option B false.)

Routes Advertised to EBGP (C): The next hop is set to the interface IP address of the advertising router.

Routes Advertised Between IBGP Peers (D): The next hop is not modified by default.

Incorrect Statement:

Option B is incorrect because the next hop of a non-labeled route received from an EBGP peer is not changed when it is advertised to IBGP peers.

References:

HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: BGP Next Hop Behavior

Huawei BGP Routing Principles

 IGMP: Manages IPv4 multicast group members and runs on the multicast network's last segment (that is, the network segment where a Layer 3 network device is connected to user hosts).

 PIM: Sends multicast data over the network to the multicast device that is connected to group members that have requested the multicast data, implementing multicast data forwarding based on routes.

 IGMP Snooping: Manages and controls the forwarding of multicast data packets to effectively suppress the flooding of multicast data packets on the Layer 2 network.

 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol):

IGMP is used by hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group memberships on a local subnet.

It allows a host to inform a multicast router of its desire to receive multicast traffic for a specific group.

It operates at Layer 3 and runs on the last segment of the network.