H12-821_V1.0 Leak Questions

In RSTP, a port in the discarding state neither forwards data frames nor learns MAC addresses. A port in the learning state does not forward data frames but starts learning MAC addresses. Therefore, options A and B are correct, while C and D are incorrect due to misunderstandings of these states ​.

ARP spoofing is a Layer 2 attack, as it targets ARP tables in switches or end devices. All other attacks, including IP spoofing, ICMP attacks, and Smurf attacks, are network layer (Layer 3) attacks ​.

 OSPF Authentication Overview

The Auth Type field in the OSPF packet header determines the authentication mode. If the Auth Type is 1, plaintext authentication is used.

Plaintext authentication involves transmitting the password in an easily readable format, which is less secure compared to MD5.

 HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference

Authentication mechanisms, including plaintext authentication, are detailed in the OSPF security configuration chapter, confirming that Auth Type = 1 corresponds to plaintext​​.

 LSA Lifetime and Deletion

The LS Age field in the LSA header tracks the age of an LSA. When the LS Age reaches its maximum value (3600 seconds), the LSA is marked for deletion. This ensures old or stale LSAs are removed from the network to maintain accurate routing information.

 HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference

Detailed explanation of LS Age behavior and LSA deletion processes can be found in the OSPF LSDB and LSA sections​​.