GAQM: Management CITM-001 Book

Development cost is the type of cost that is considered as actual costs of analysis, design, and installation for the system. Development cost includes the expenses incurred during the planning, designing, building, testing, and deploying of a system. Development cost is usually estimated before the start of a project and is used to measure the feasibility and profitability of a system. Development cost is also used to monitor the progress and performance of a project and to control the scope and quality of a system. References: CITM Course Outline, Module 4, Corporate IT Strategy, page 9. CITM Training Course, Cost, page 14. CITM Certification Overview, Exam Information, Course Outline, Module 4.

A foreign key is a column or a set of columns in one table that references the primary key of another table. It is used to create a link and relationship between tables in a relational database. A foreign key ensures that the values in the referencing table match the values in the referenced table, thus maintaining the referential integrity of the database12. A foreign key can also be used to implement constraints such as cascading updates or deletes3. References: 1: CITM Study Guide, Chapter 3: Database Management Systems, Page 41. 2: Types of Keys in Relational Model (Candidate, Super, Primary, Alternate and Foreign) 3: Database Keys: The Complete Guide (Surrogate, Natural, Composite & More)

A logic bomb is a type of malicious code that is inserted into a software program and remains dormant until a specific condition or event occurs, such as a certain date, time, or user action. When the condition is met, the logic bomb activates and executes its harmful payload, which can range from deleting or corrupting data, to displaying unwanted messages, to crashing the system. Logic bombs are often used by disgruntled employees or hackers to sabotage an organization’s IT infrastructure or to extort money or information. Logic bombs are different from keyloggers, spam, and viruses, which are explained below:

• A keylogger is a software or hardware device that records every keystroke made by a user on a computer or mobile device, usually for the purpose of stealing passwords, personal information, or other sensitive data. Keyloggers can be installed by hackers through phishing, trojan viruses, or physical access to the device. Keyloggers do not wait for a specific condition to activate, but rather run continuously in the background and transmit the captured data to a remote server or storage device.
• Spam is any kind of unwanted, unsolicited, or irrelevant digital communication that is sent or posted to a large number of recipients or places, typically for the purposes of advertising, phishing, spreading malware, or disrupting normal operations. Spam can be delivered via email,text message, phone call, or social media. Spam does not contain hidden code that executes a harmful action, but rather relies on the user’s response or interaction to achieve its goal, such as clicking a link, opening an attachment, or providing personal information.
• A virus is a type of malware that infects a computer or mobile device by attaching itself to another program or file and replicating itself when the host program or file is executed. A virus can have various harmful effects, such as deleting or modifying data, consuming system resources, displaying unwanted messages, or opening backdoors for hackers. A virus can spread from one device to another through networks, removable media, or email attachments. A virus does not require a specific condition to activate, but rather runs whenever the infected program or file is executed.

References:

• Logic Bomb Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
• What is a Keylogger? How to Detect a Keylogger? - Fortinet
• Spam | What is Spam? | Definition & Types of Spam
• Virus | Definition, Structure, & Facts | Britannica

Systems software is software that provides a platform for other software and manages the basic functions of a computer. Examples of systems software include operating systems, device drivers, firmware, utility software, and boot loaders. Operating systems are the most important type of systems software, as they provide the foundational framework for all other software and applications to run on the computer. Linux and Unix are examples of operating systems that are widely used in various domains, such as servers, desktops, embedded systems, and supercomputers. Device drivers are another important type of systems software, as they allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and graphics cards. A device driver is a software component that acts as an interface between the hardware and the operating system, providing the necessary commands and data to control the device. Internet Explorer and Adobe Photoshop are not examples of systems software, but application software. Application software is software that allows users to perform specific tasks, such as browsing the web, editing images, creating documents, or playing games. Application software runs on top of the systems software and uses the services and resources provided by the operating system and the hardware. References: System software - Wikipedia, What is System Software? – Definition, Types, Examples and More, What is System Software: Definition, Types, Language Processors - Toppr.