Changed DOP-C02 Exam Questions

The best solution is to use AWS Config and AWS Security Hub to identify and remediate noncompliant resources across multiple AWS accounts. AWS Config enables continuous monitoring of the configuration of AWS resources and evaluates them against desired configurations. AWS Config can also automatically remediate noncompliant resources by using conformance packs, which are a collection of AWS Config rules and remediation actions that can be deployed as a single entity. AWS Security Hub provides a comprehensive view of the security posture of AWS accounts and resources. AWS Security Hub can aggregate and normalize the findings from AWS Config and other AWS services, as well as from partner solutions. AWS Security Hub can also be used to create a dashboard for tracking noncompliant resources and events in a centralized location.

The other options are not optimal because they either require more development overhead, do not provide near real time detection and remediation, or do not provide a centralized dashboard for tracking.

Option A is not optimal because CloudFormation drift detection is not a near real time solution. Drift detection has to be manually initiated on each stack or resource, or scheduled using a cron expression. Drift detection also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. CloudWatch Logs and dashboard can be used for tracking, but they do not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

Option B is not optimal because CloudTrail logs analysis using Athena is not a near real time solution. Athena queries have to be manually run or scheduled using a cron expression. Athena also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. Step Functions can be used to orchestrate the query and remediation workflow, but it adds more complexity and cost. QuickSight dashboard can be used for tracking, but it does not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

Option D is not optimal because CloudTrail logs analysis using CloudWatch Logs is not a near real time solution. CloudWatch Logs filters have to be manually created or updated for each resource type and configuration change. CloudWatch Logs also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. EventBridge can be used to trigger the Lambda function, but it adds more complexity and cost. OpenSearch Service dashboard can be used for tracking, but it does not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

AWS Config conformance packs

Introducing AWS Config conformance packs

Managing conformance packs across all accounts in your organization

AWS recommends centralizing CodeDeploy agent logs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs for efficient analysis. By configuring the CloudWatch agent or using the CodeDeploy console integration, you can stream logs in near-real time and query them with CloudWatch Logs Insights. This enables filtering by deployment lifecycle events, saving time versus manually connecting to instances. Refer to AWS documentation section “Monitoring and troubleshooting deployments with CodeDeploy and CloudWatch.”

When using the awslogs log driver with ECS on EC2, the ECS agent running on the container instance uses the instance’s IAM role (container instance role or task execution role, depending on configuration) to write logs to CloudWatch Logs. The policy already grants logs:CreateLogGroup , logs:CreateLogStream , and logs:PutLogEvents , which are the required CloudWatch Logs actions. However, for the role to be usable by ECS, the role’s trust policy must allow the appropriate service principal to assume it.

In this question, the error message indicates “missing permission” during ECS task deployment. If the IAM role is not trusted by the ECS service (for example, ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com for a task execution role or the proper principal for container instances), ECS cannot assume that role and therefore cannot use the granted CloudWatch permissions, causing deployment failures.

Option A addresses this by adding a trust relationship so that Amazon ECS can assume the IAM role. Options B and C mutate the permissions but do not fix the underlying problem: the missing trust. Option D incorrectly attempts to trust CloudWatch, which does not assume roles in this context.

Thus, adding a trust policy that establishes ECS as a trusted service is the correct fix.

" AWS CodeArtifact operates in multiple Availability Zones and stores artifact data and metadata in Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB. Your encrypted data is redundantly stored across multiple facilities and multiple devices in each facility, making it highly available and highly durable. " With no internet connectivity, a gateway endpoint becomes necessary to access S3.