312-38 Questions Bank

In TCP/IP networking, establishing a connection typically starts with a SYN (synchronize) flag and ends with a FIN (finish) flag. This is part of the normal TCP three-way handshake and connection termination process:

• SYN (Synchronize): Initiates a connection.
• SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge): Acknowledges the SYN and responds with a SYN.
• ACK (Acknowledge): Acknowledges the SYN-ACK, establishing the connection.
• FIN (Finish): Terminates the connection.

Observing a SYN flag at the beginning and a FIN flag at the end of the connection indicates a normal, properly terminated TCP session, establishing a baseline for normal traffic patterns.

References:

• EC-Council Certified Network Defender (CND) Study Guide
• TCP/IP protocol suite documentation

The False Positive rate (FPR) is a measure used in statistics and network security to evaluate the performance of a security system. It is calculated by dividing the number of false positives (FP) by the sum of false positives (FP) and true negatives (TN). The formula is represented as:

FPR=FP+TNFP​

This rate indicates how often benign activities are incorrectly flagged as malicious, which is crucial for a network administrator like Daniel to understand the reliability of the security measures implemented.

References: The formula for calculating the False Positive rate is standard across various cybersecurity frameworks and is aligned with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course objectives that cover the evaluation of security system performance metrics. For further details, Daniel can refer to the CND study guide and materials that discuss the interpretation and implications of the False Positive rate in network security.

A Network Protocol Analyzer, such as Wireshark, is a tool that captures and analyzes packets in real-time, displaying them in a human-readable format. It allows network administrators to inspect individual packets deeply, which is essential for identifying and investigating data leaks within an organization. By examining the packet contents, the source and destination of the traffic, and other details, a Network Protocol Analyzer can help pinpoint the exact nature and origin of a data leak.

References: The use of Network Protocol Analyzers for investigating data leaks is a standard practice in network security, aligning with the objectives of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The capabilities of these tools are detailed in resources like the Wireshark user guide and network security best practices123.

 In the context of containerization, setting resource limits is crucial for ensuring that applications do not consume more than their fair share of system resources. Michelle can limit a container to use only 2 CPUs by using the --cpus flag when running a container. This flag allows the user to specify the amount of CPU the container is limited to use. For example, --cpus="2" would restrict the container to using no more than two CPU cores.

References: This information is based on standard practices for managing Docker containers and their resources. The --cpus flag is a well-documented feature in Docker’s command-line interface for controlling CPU usage1.