ICS-SCADA Exam Dumps : ICS/SCADA Cyber Security Exam

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol used in the majority of internet communications.

Connection-oriented protocols like TCP require a connection to be established between the communicating devices before data is transmitted. This ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data.

TCP manages this by establishing a handshake mechanism (TCP three-way handshake) to set up the connection prior to transmitting data and properly terminating the connection once the communication session has completed.

References

"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens.

Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol," RFC 793.

IPsec uses two main protocols to secure network communications: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).

Both AH and ESP use a Security Parameters Index (SPI), which is a critical component of their headers. The SPI is a unique identifier that enables the receiver to select the correct security association for processing incoming packets.

AH provides authentication and integrity, while ESP provides confidentiality, in addition to authentication and integrity. Both protocols use the SPI to manage these functions securely.

References

"IPsec Security Architecture," RFC 4302 (AH) and RFC 4303 (ESP).

"IPsec Explained," by Juniper Networks.

The Modbus protocol was developed by Modicon, now a brand of Schneider Electric.

It was originally designed in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in industrial applications.

Modbus is a serial communications protocol that has become a de facto standard communication protocol and is now commonly used to connect industrial electronic devices. The main reasons for its use are its simplicity and the fact that it is open-source, which allows manufacturers to build their own implementations of the standard.

References

"Modbus Protocol Reference Guide," Modicon, Inc., 1979.

"A Guide to the Modbus Protocol," Schneider Electric.