ICS-SCADA Exam Dumps : ICS/SCADA Cyber Security Exam

IPsec uses two main protocols to secure network communications: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).

Both AH and ESP use a Security Parameters Index (SPI), which is a critical component of their headers. The SPI is a unique identifier that enables the receiver to select the correct security association for processing incoming packets.

AH provides authentication and integrity, while ESP provides confidentiality, in addition to authentication and integrity. Both protocols use the SPI to manage these functions securely.

References

"IPsec Security Architecture," RFC 4302 (AH) and RFC 4303 (ESP).

"IPsec Explained," by Juniper Networks.

In the configuration of Microsoft Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, you can define IPsec rules as part of your security policy. Typically, these rules can be organized into four main categories: Allow connection, Block connection, Allow if secure (which can specify encryption or authentication requirements), and Custom. While the interface and features can vary slightly between Windows versions, four fundamental types of rules regarding how traffic is handled are commonly supported.References:

Microsoft documentation, "Windows Firewall with Advanced Security".

The first generation of ICS/SCADA systems is considered monolithic, primarily characterized by standalone systems that had no external communications or connectivity with other systems. These systems were typically fully self-contained, with all components hard-wired together, and operations were managed without any networked interaction.References:

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, "Recommended Practice: Improving Industrial Control System Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies".