CCRN-Adult Exam Dumps : CCRN (Adult) - Direct Care Eligibility Pathway

The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering bacteria and old or damaged blood cells, as well as mounting an immune response. After a splenectomy, the patient is at increased risk for infections, particularly from encapsulated organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. This heightened susceptibility to infection can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. References: AACN Adult CCRN Certification Review Course, AACN CCRN Exam Handbook.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is stiff and does not relax well, causing high pressure in the heart and lungs. HFpEF is diagnosed when the patient has symptoms and signs of heart failure and a normal or high ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat. HFpEF is usually caused by conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels, such as aging, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or kidney disease12

References:

• What Is Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction? - Healthline
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction - BMJ Best Practice

Beta-agonists are the first-line drugs for acute asthma exacerbations because they rapidly reverse bronchoconstriction and improve airflow. They act by stimulating beta-2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways, causing relaxation and dilation. Beta-agonists can be administered by inhalation, nebulization, or injection. Examples of beta-agonists include albuterol, levalbuterol, and terbutaline.

References:

• Management of Acute Asthma Exacerbations | AAFP: This article states that “Quick-relief medicines include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil-HFA, Ventolin HFA, others). Levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).”
• Asthma attack - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic: This article states that “If you’re in the yellow zone, the plan will tell you how many puffs of your quick-relief medicine to take and how often you can repeat the dose. Young children or people who have difficulty with an inhaler use a device called a nebulizer to inhale the medicine in a mist. Quick-relief medicines include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil-HFA, Ventolin HFA, others). Levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).”