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On-premise Edge Cloud and Metro Edge Cloud are the cloud deployments that provide the lowest latency. Latency is the time it takes for data to travel from the source to the destination1. On-premise Edge Cloud is a cloud deployment that is located within the premises of the end-user, such as a factory, a hospital, or a campus2. Metro Edge Cloud is a cloud deployment that is located within the same metropolitan area as the end-user, such as a city or a suburb3. Both On-premise Edge Cloud and Metro Edge Cloud reduce the distance and the number of hops that data has to travel, resulting in lower latency and higher performance4. Far Edge Cloud and Central Cloud are not the cloud deployments that provide the lowest latency. Far Edge Cloud is a cloud deployment that is located at the edge of the operator’s network, such as a regional data center or a base station3. Central Cloud is a cloud deployment that is located at the core of the operator’s network, such as a national data center or a cloud provider3. Both Far Edge Cloud and Central Cloud increase the distance and the number of hops that data has to travel, resulting in higher latency and lower performance4.

References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 3 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 14 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 15 4: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 16

The most appropriate word to complete the sentence is benefits. The public cloud ecosystem offers many benefits to users, such as scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and innovation12. Constraints, problems, and operability are not suitable words to describe the advantages of the public cloud ecosystem over the simple consumption of resources. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 7 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 9

Network Service Orchestration is the process of managing the lifecycle of network services across multiple domains and technologies. It automates NFV service bydeploying, configuring, and scaling virtual network functions (VNFs) on demand. It is part of the 5G key enablers because it supports the dynamic and flexible provisioning of network slices and edge cloud applications. It does not increase operational complexity, but rather simplifies and optimizes it by using AI/ML and closed loop automation.

References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks | Nokia Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 8
• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Courses | Nokia, Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud