312-85 Exam Dumps : Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst (CTIA)

Passive DNS monitoring involves collecting data about DNS queries and responses without actively querying DNS servers, thereby not altering or interfering with DNS traffic. This technique allows analysts to track changes in DNS records and observe patterns that may indicate malicious activity. In the scenario described, Enrique is employing passive DNS monitoring by using a recursive DNS server to log the responses received from name servers, storing these logs in a central database for analysis. This approach is effective for identifying malicious domains, mapping malware campaigns, and understanding threat actors' infrastructure without alerting them to the fact that they are being monitored. This method is distinct from active techniques such as DNS interrogation or zone transfers, which involve sending queries to DNS servers, and dynamic DNS, which refers to the automatic updating of DNS records.References:

• SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room, "Using Passive DNS to Enhance Cyber Threat Intelligence"
• "Passive DNS Replication," by Florian Weimer, FIRST Conference Presentation

In the context of bulk data collection for threat intelligence, data is often initially collected in an unstructured form from multiple sources and in various formats. This unstructured data includes information from blogs, news articles, threat reports, social media, and other sources that do not follow a specific structure or format. The subsequent processing of this data involves organizing, structuring, and analyzing it to extract actionable threat intelligence. This phase is crucial for turning vast amounts of disparate data into coherent, useful insights for cybersecurity purposes.References:

• "The Role of Unstructured Data in Cyber Threat Intelligence," by Jason Trost, Anomali
• "Turning Unstructured Data into Cyber Threat Intelligence," by Giorgio Mosca, IEEE Xplore

Sam's mistake was using threat intelligence from sources that he did not verify for reliability. Relying on intelligence from unverified or unreliable sources can lead to the incorporation of inaccurate, outdated, or irrelevant information into the organization's threat intelligence program. This can result in "noise," which refers to irrelevant or false information that can distract from real threats, and potentially put the organization's network at risk. Verifying the credibility and reliability of intelligence sources is crucial to ensure that the data used for making security decisions is accurate and actionable.References:

• "Best Practices for Threat Intelligence Sharing," by FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams)
• "Evaluating Cyber Threat Intelligence Sources," by Jon DiMaggio, SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room