Free and Premium ISTQB ISTQB-CTAL-TA Dumps Questions Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

A (Use case testing):Not suitable as it focuses on user interactions rather than combinations of input values.

B (State Transition testing):Irrelevant since the focus is not on state changes.

C (Equivalence partitioning):Good for partitioning input values but not efficient for combinations.

D (Pairwise testing):Correct. This technique is highly efficient for coveringcombinations of multiple variableswith fewer test cases, which is crucial when the schedule is tight.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (Pairwise testing).

The statement that best characterizes a test design tool is that a test design tool generates test inputs from requirements. A test design tool is a tool that supports the test design activity by generating test inputs or test cases from a specified source, such as requirements, models, or code. A test design tool can use various techniques, such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transition diagrams, etc., to generate test inputs or test cases. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 6.2.1, page 77.

The most important information that is missing from this use case is the alternative behaviour, which describes the exceptional or error flows of events that may occur during the execution of the use case. For example, the use case should specify what happens if the user enters an invalid PIN, if the ATM runs out of cash, if the user cancels the transaction, etc. The alternative behaviour is essential to test the robustness and reliability of the system under test. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.6.1, page 43.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Interoperability testingverifies that different systems can work together and correctly exchange data.

a) Truncated patient name:An interoperability defect as it indicates incorrect data handling between systems.

b) Difficult navigation:Ausability defect, not related to system interoperability.

c) Incorrect phone number format recognition:An interoperability defect because it affects data exchange.

d) Slow data retrieval:Aperformance defect, not related to system interaction.

e) Spelling errors in field names:Ausability or user interface defect, not interoperability.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (b, d).

The comment that should be made about the Supercar specification is that boundaries for stock levels are ambiguous. The specification states that the site will allow an order to be processed if at least one of the chosen vehicle configurations is in stock, but it does not define what constitutes “in stock” or how many units are available for each configuration. This makes the specification unclear and inconsistent, as it does not provide enough information for testing or implementation. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 2.3.1, page 23.

The best black-box test technique to test the processing functionality of this system is equivalence partitioning enhanced with boundary value analysis. Equivalence partitioning is a technique that divides the input domain into subdomains that are expected to behave similarly. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain. These techniques are suitable for testing a system that depends on defined ranges of input variables, as they can ensure that all subdomains and boundary values are covered by test cases. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.2.1, page 33 and Section 3.2.2, page 35.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Decision Table Analysis:

Age:Valid ranges (18-69), excludes those aged ≥70 or <18 (2 valid values).

Alcohol Consumption:≤14 units, >14 units (2 values).

Smoking Status:Smoker, Non-smoker (2 values).

Employment Status:Full-time, Not full-time (2 values).

After removinginfeasible combinations(like age <18 or ≥70), the possible combinations are reduced.

2 (age) x 2 (alcohol) x 2 (smoker) x 2 (employment) = 16possible combinations.

However, some combinations are logicallycollapsedor omitted, as irrelevant conditions are not covered.

After this collapsing, the total number ofnecessary test casesis8.

Therefore, the correct answer isB (8).

Classification trees support the application of pairwise testing in the following ways:

a. They help to identify inputs to be used by the pairwise test technique - This is true because classification trees show the classes and subclasses of inputs for a given scenario in a graphical way.

b. They show the combinations needed to cover all-pairs - This is true because classification trees can be used to generate the combinations of inputs that cover all pairs using a mathematical algorithm.

c. They help to identify particular combinations of interest - This is true because classification trees can be used to highlight or prioritize certain combinations of inputs that are more relevant or important for the scenario.

d. They show both typical and atypical behavior - This is false because classification trees do not show the behavior or the expected results of the system under test, only the inputs and outputs.

e. They show the expected results for the various test cases - This is false because classification trees do not show the expected results or the verification criteria for the test cases, only the inputs and outputs. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.5.2, page 42.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Classification tree toolsare specifically used during thetest designphase to visualize combinations of input data and generate test cases.

Coverage tools (A)are used during test execution to measure how much of the code has been tested.

Dynamic analysis tools (B)are used to find runtime issues, not during test design.

Comparison tools (D)are used to compare expected and actual outputs during test execution.

Therefore, the correct answer isC (Classification tree tools).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Since the testing involves verifying theuser interface (UI) enhancementsand ensuring that they meet the needs of multiple user roles,Use Case Testingis the most appropriate technique.

Use Case testingallows you to validateend-to-end user scenariosand ensure the system behaves correctly for each role, focusing onuser interactions and usability.

Exploratory testing (A)might be useful for finding unexpected issues, but it lacks the structured approach needed for role-based UI validation.

Boundary Value Analysis (B)is useful for testing numeric input limits, not UI roles.

Pairwise testing (D)focuses on combinatorial testing, not role-based UI testing.

The correct answer isC (Use Case testing).

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

To determine the answer, we first calculate the total score for each player:

Player 1:25×2=5025 \times 2 = 5025×2=50 (Silver)

Player 2:20×3=6020 \times 3 = 6020×3=60 (Silver)

Player 3:30×1=3030 \times 1 = 3030×1=30 (Blue)

The output equivalence partitions based on the trophy levels are:

Blue:Total score ≤ 40

Silver:Total score > 40 and ≤ 70

Gold:Total score > 70 and ≤ 80

Diamond:Total score > 80 and ≤ 90

Platinum:Total score > 90

From the given test cases, the following partitions have been exercised:

Blue (Player 3)

Silver (Player 1 and Player 2)

Out of the 5 possible output partitions (Blue, Silver, Gold, Diamond, Platinum), only2 partitions (Blue and Silver)have been exercised. Therefore, the percentage of partitions covered is:

A number and a percentage sign AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer isB (40%).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Requirement Testability:The requirements listed (daily, weekly, monthly, and annual data display) are all testable, as the expected outputs are measurable. Hence, checklist item 1 is met.

Acceptance Criteria:The document does not specify any acceptance criteria for the requirements. Therefore, item 2 isNOT met.

Use Case Calling Structure:Since the document explicitly states that use cases are not used, item 3 isNOT met.

Unique Identification of Requirements:The requirements are listed in bullet points without unique identifiers, so item 4 isNOT met.

Specification Versioning:The document does include a version number (1.2), so item 5 is met.

Traceability to Business/Marketing Requirements:There is no visible traceability to business or marketing requirements in the given document, so item 6 isNOT met.

Traceability between Requirements and Use Cases:Since use cases are not utilized, item 7 isNOT met.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (2, 3, 4, 7), as these are the items that do not meet the review checklist criteria.

The test type that is most likely being performed is functional correctness testing. Functional correctness testing is a test type that verifies that the system or component produces the correct results for a given set of inputs or conditions. This test type can detect defects such asnon-compliance to requirements, calculations that produce incorrect results, and improper handling of data or situations. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 5.1.1, page 59.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Duringtest implementation, the Test Analyst’s primary task is toidentify and prepare test datathat supports the execution of test cases and conditions.

B. Creating a test execution scheduleis part oftest planning, not implementation.

C. Capturing bi-directional traceabilitytypically occurs duringtest design and management activities, not exclusively during implementation.

D. Designing the test environmentis typically aTechnical Test Analystresponsibility, as it involves infrastructure and tool setups.

The correct answer isA (Identifying test data to support test conditions and test cases).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

As aTest Analyst, the focus is primarily onfunctional and usability aspects:

R01:Validates that the new or amended data can be correctly read and processed — this is afunctional requirement.

R05:Evaluates whether the newuser interfacemeets the needs of hospital administrators — this is related tousability.

The remaining requirements (R02, R03, R04) involveperformance, security, and load testing, which are more suited for theTechnical Test Analyst.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (R01, R05).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

The project has multipledrop-down fields with many values, resulting in numerous combinations.

Pairwise testingis ideal for testing combinations efficiently.

Since the project usesSCRUM methodology, it requiresexploratory testingto accommodate changes and rapid feedback during sprints.

Use case testing (Option A)is not suitable since the focus is on combinations rather than functional sequences.

Decision table testing (Option B)would be less efficient due to the large number of combinations.

Classification Tree (Option C)is more suitable for class-based testing, not pairwise combinations.

Thus, the correct answer isD (Pairwise and exploratory testing).

Eight cases are required to test the tax system specification using a decision table that is not collapsed. A decision table is a technique that shows the combinations of conditions and actions for a given scenario. A decision table that is not collapsed contains all possible combinations of conditions and actions, regardless of whether they are valid or not. The conditions for this scenario are:

Salary less than €20 000

Married

Number of children more than two and less than five

The number of cases is equal to the number of possible combinations of these conditions, which is 2^3 = 8. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.3.1, page 37.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

A1-switch transitionin a state transition diagram is a direct move from one state to another without intermediate states.

FromScreen 1, the possible 1-switch transitions are:

Next:Moves toScreen 2

Back:Moves toMenu

Refresh:Stays onScreen 1

Sincerefreshcan be applied multiple times (loop), it is still considered as one transition.

Therefore, the number of 1-switch transitions fromScreen 1is3.

The correct answer isD (3).

Examining the test basis is an appropriate task for the Test Analyst during the test analysis phase, as it involves identifying and evaluating the sources of information for test analysis, such as requirements, design documents, user stories, etc. Reviewing test estimates, creating a test execution schedule, and evaluating status against exit criteria are tasks that belong to other phases of testing, such as test planning, test implementation, and test closure. Verified References: ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA, Section 2.1.1, page 19.

The most important reason why test conditions should be understandable by business stakeholders is that they should be able to review them and provide feedback to the Test Analyst, as they are the ones who know the business needs and expectations best. This way, the Test Analyst can ensure that the test conditions cover all the relevant aspects of the test basis and are aligned with the business objectives. The other reasons are not as important or not directly related to test conditions. Verified References: ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA, Section 2.2.1, page 21.

The risk impact for requirement R1 should be categorized as high or very high, as it is a business critical requirement that affects the core functionality of the system. The risk impact is determined by assessing the potential negative consequences of a failure or defect in the system. The other statements are not true, as they are based on assumptions or irrelevant factors. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 1.2.1, page 13.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Portability testing verifies that software can be transferred from one environment to another with minimal effort. It checks for installation, adaptation, and replacement issues.

a) Insufficient, unclear installation or de-installation instructions:This directly relates to portability because improper installation procedures can affect moving the software to different environments.

e) The stock control barcodes cannot be read by the replaced barcode scanner:This issue is associated with compatibility and adaptability between devices, which is crucial in portability testing.

Optionsb) and d)relate to usability and performance testing, not portability.

Optionc)relates to security or access control testing.

Therefore, the correct answer isA (a, e).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

InAgile projects, theTest Analyst’s involvementtypically startsat the beginning of the project.

Test Analysts workcollaboratively with developers, product owners, and other team membersfrom the outset to ensure thattesting is integrated into the development process.

Option A (Beginning of the first iteration)is too late since planning and discussing test approaches begin earlier.

Option B (After signing off user stories)contradicts the Agile principle of continuous involvement.

Option C (In parallel with coding)also occurs too late since testing considerations should start during planning.

The correct answer isD (At the beginning of the project).

Eight 0-switch test cases are needed to achieve 100% 0-switch coverage. A state transition test technique is a technique that tests the behavior of a system or component based on its states and transitions between them. A 0-switch test case is a test case that covers one state and its associated actions and events. To achieve 100% 0-switch coverage, all states and their associated actions and events must be covered by at least one test case. The states for this scenario are:

Enter PIN

PIN OK

PIN not OK

1st try

2nd try

3rd try

Access to act

Eat card

Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.4.1, page 39.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

A (Functional appropriateness):Verifies that the function serves its intended purpose but does not focus on accuracy.

B (Installability):Unrelated to computational accuracy.

C (Functional completeness):Ensures that all specified functionality is present, but not about accuracy.

D (Functional correctness):Correct. Sincecomputational accuracyis the primary concern, testing must focus on ensuring that all calculations are correct.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (Functional correctness).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)focuses on values at the edges of equivalence partitions, including just inside and just outside the boundary.

Therevised boundariesare:

£500 and £749for the new 5.5% fee band

£750 and £999for the 4.5% fee band

Testing bothvalid and invalid boundariesis essential to ensure accurate fee calculations.

The correct test cases are:

£499 (just below the lower boundary)

£500 (at the lower boundary)

£749 (at the upper boundary of the first band)

£750 (at the lower boundary of the second band)

£999 (at the upper boundary of the second band)

£1000 (just above the upper boundary)

Therefore, the correct answer isD (499, 500, 749, 750, 999, 1000).

Two cases are left when this decision table is collapsed. A decision table is a technique that shows the combinations of conditions and actions for a given scenario. A decision table that is collapsed eliminates the combinations that are invalid or impossible, such as having a scholarship without meeting the qualifications. The two valid cases for this scenario are:

C1 = Y, C2 = Y, C3 = Y, A1 = Y, A2 = Y

C1 = Y, C2 = Y, C3 = N, A1 = Y, A2 = N

Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.3.1, page 37.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Component Testing (C) focuses on individual components or units and does not address usability or role-based testing.

System Testing (D) is the first level where the complete and integrated system is tested as a whole. It includes testing non-functional requirements such as usability, accessibility, and suitability for different user roles.

User Acceptance Testing (A) and Beta Acceptance Testing (B) are done later and focus on validating the product according to user needs and real-world scenarios.

Since testing for role appropriateness and usability should start as early as possible in the testing lifecycle, the correct answer is D (During system testing).