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CompTIA Linux+ Exam Questions and Answers

Question 1

In which of the following filesystems are system logs commonly stored?

Options:

A.

/var

B.

/tmp

C.

/etc

D.

/opt

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Question 2

One leg of an LVM-mirrored volume failed due to the underlying physical volume, and a systems administrator is troubleshooting the issue. The following output has been provided:

Given this scenario, which of the following should the administrator do to recover this volume?

Options:

A.

Reboot the server. The volume will automatically go back to linear mode.

B.

Replace the failed drive and reconfigure the mirror.

C.

Reboot the server. The volume will revert to stripe mode.

D.

Recreate the logical volume.

Question 3

The security team has identified a web service that is running with elevated privileges A Linux administrator is working to change the systemd service file to meet security compliance standards. Given the following output:

Which of the following remediation steps will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user?

Options:

A.

Removing the ExecStarWusr/sbin/webserver -D SOPTIONS from the service file

B.

Updating the Environment File line in the [Service] section to/home/webservice/config

C.

Adding the User-webservice to the [Service] section of the service file

D.

Changing the:nulti-user.target in the [Install] section to basic.target

Question 4

A Linux administrator is adding a new configuration file to a Git repository. Which of the following describes the correct order of Git commands to accomplish the task successfully?

Options:

A.

pull -> push -> add -> checkout

B.

pull -> add -> commit -> push

C.

checkout -> push -> add -> pull

D.

pull -> add -> push -> commit

Question 5

A Linux systems administrator needs to copy files and directories from Server A to Server B. Which of the following commands can be used for this purpose? (Select TWO)

Options:

A.

rsyslog

B.

cp

C.

rsync

D.

reposync

E.

scp

F.

ssh

Question 6

A systems administrator is enabling LUKS on a USB storage device with an ext4 filesystem format. The administrator runs dmesg and notices the following output:

Given this scenario, which of the following should the administrator perform to meet these requirements? (Select three).

Options:

A.

gpg /dev/sdcl

B.

pvcreate /dev/sdc

C.

mkfs . ext4 /dev/mapper/LUKSCJ001 - L ENCRYPTED

D.

umount / dev/ sdc

E.

fdisk /dev/sdc

F.

mkfs . vfat /dev/mapper/LUKS0001 — L ENCRYPTED

G.

wipefs —a/dev/sdbl

Question 7

A systems administrator frequently connects to a remote host via SSH and a non-standard port. The systems administrator would like to avoid passing the port parameter on the command line every time. Which of the following files can be used to set a different port value for that host?

Options:

A.

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

B.

/etc/ssh/moduli

C.

~/.ssh/config

D.

~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Question 8

A systems administrator is encountering performance issues. The administrator runs 3 commands with the following output

The Linux server has the following system properties

CPU: 4 vCPU

Memory: 50GB

Which of the following accurately describes this situation?

Options:

A.

The system is under CPU pressure and will require additional vCPUs

B.

The system has been running for over a year and requires a reboot.

C.

Too many users are currently logged in to the system

D.

The system requires more memory

Question 9

Which of the following data structures is written in JSON?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Options:

A.

Option A

B.

Option B

C.

Option C

D.

Option D

Question 10

A systems administrator was tasked with assigning the temporary IP address/netmask 192.168.168.1/255.255.255.255 to the interface eth0 of a Linux server.

When adding the address, the following error appears:

# ip address add 192.168.168.1/33 dev eth0

Error: any valid prefix is expected rather than "192.168.168.1/33".

Based on the command and its output above, which of the following is the cause of the issue?

Options:

A.

The CIDR value /33 should be /32 instead.

B.

There is no route to 192.168.168.1/33.

C.

The interface eth0 does not exist.

D.

The IP address 192.168.168.1 is already in use.

Question 11

Which of the following can be used as a secure way to access a remote termi-nal?

Options:

A.

TFTP

B.

SSH

C.

SCP

D.

SFTP

Question 12

A Linux administrator rebooted a server. Users then reported some of their files were missing. After doing some troubleshooting, the administrator found one of the filesystems was missing. The filesystem was not listed in /etc/f stab and might have been mounted manually by someone prior to reboot. Which of the following would prevent this issue from reoccurring in the future?

Options:

A.

Sync the mount units.

B.

Mount the filesystem manually.

C.

Create a mount unit and enable it to be started at boot.

D.

Remount all the missing filesystems

Question 13

A systems administrator is tasked with mounting a USB drive on a system. The USB drive has a single partition, and it has been mapped by the system to the device /dev/sdb. Which of the following commands will mount the USB to /media/usb?

Options:

A.

mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb

B.

mount /dev/sdb0 /media/usb

C.

mount /dev/sdb /media/usb

D.

mount -t usb /dev/sdb1 /media/usb

Question 14

A systems administrator has been unable to terminate a process. Which of the following should the administrator use to forcibly stop the process?

Options:

A.

kill -1

B.

kill -3

C.

kill -15

D.

kill -HUP

E.

kill -TERM

Question 15

Due to performance issues on a server, a Linux administrator needs to termi-nate an unresponsive process. Which of the following commands should the

administrator use to terminate the process immediately without waiting for a graceful shutdown?

Options:

A.

kill -SIGKILL 5545

B.

kill -SIGTERM 5545

C.

kill -SIGHUP 5545

D.

kill -SIGINT 5545

Question 16

A junior administrator updated the PostgreSQL service unit file per the data-base administrator's recommendation. The service has been restarted, but changes have not been applied. Which of the following should the administrator run for the changes to take effect?

Options:

A.

Systemct1 get—default

B.

systemct1 daemon—reload

C.

systemct1 enable postgresq1

D.

systemct1 mask postgresq1

Question 17

A Linux administrator needs to determine whether a hostname is in the DNS. Which of the following would supply the information that is needed?

Options:

A.

nslookup

B.

rsynс

C.

netstat

D.

host

Question 18

Rugged appliances are small appliances with ruggedized hardware and like Quantum Spark appliance they use which operating system?

Options:

A.

Centos Linux

B.

Gaia embedded

C.

Gaia

D.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 5

Question 19

A Linux administrator reviews a set of log output files and needs to identify files that contain any occurrence of the word denied. All log files containing entries in uppercase or lowercase letters should be included in the list. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

find . -type f -print | xrags grep -ln denied

B.

find . -type f -print | xrags grep -nv denied

C.

find . -type f -print | xrags grep -wL denied

D.

find . -type f -print | xrags grep -li denied

Question 20

Employees in the finance department are having trouble accessing the file /opt/work/file. All IT employees can read and write the file. Systems administrator reviews the following output:

Which of the following commands would permanently fix the access issue while limiting access to IT and finance department employees?

Options:

A.

chattr +i file

B.

chown it:finance file

C.

chmod 666 file

D.

setfacl -m g:finance:rw file

Question 21

A Linux administrator needs to obtain a list of all volumes that are part of a volume group. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

vgs

B.

lvs

C.

fdisk -1

D.

pvs

Question 22

A Linux administrator was notified that a virtual server has an I/O bottleneck. The Linux administrator analyzes the following output:

Given there is a single CPU in the sever, which of the following is causing the slowness?

Options:

A.

The system is running out of swap space.

B.

The CPU is overloaded.

C.

The memory is exhausted.

D.

The processes are paging.

Question 23

A junior developer is unable to access an application server and receives the following output:

The systems administrator investigates the issue and receives the following output:

Which of the following commands will help unlock the account?

Options:

A.

Pam_tally2 --user=dev2 —-quiet

B.

pam_ tally2 --user=dev2

C.

pam_tally2 -–user+dev2 —-quiet

D.

pam_tally2 --user=dev2 —-reset

Question 24

A Linux engineer needs to create a custom script, cleanup.sh, to run at boot as part of the system services. Which of the following processes would accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

Create a unit file in the /etc/default/ directory.systemct1 enable cleanupsystemct1 is-enabled cleanup

B.

Create a unit file in the /etc/ske1/ directory.systemct1 enable cleanupsystemct1 is-enabled cleanup

C.

Create a unit file in the /etc/systemd/system/ directory.systemct1 enable cleanupsystemct1 is-enabled cleanup

D.

Create a unit file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory.systemct1 enable cleanupsystemct1 is-enabled cleanup

Question 25

A Linux systems administrator is troubleshooting an I/O latency on a single CPU server. The administrator runs a top command and receives the following output:

%Cpu(s): 0.2 us, 33.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 52.4 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st

Which of the following is correct based on the output received from the exe-cuted command?

Options:

A.

The server's CPU is taking too long to process users' requests.

B.

The server's CPU shows a high idle-time value.

C.

The server's CPU is spending too much time waiting for data inputs.

D.

The server's CPU value for the time spent on system processes is low.

Question 26

A user reported issues when trying to log in to a Linux server. The following outputs were received:

Given the outputs above. which of the following is the reason the user is una-ble to log in to the server?

Options:

A.

User1 needs to set a long password.

B.

User1 is in the incorrect group.

C.

The user1 shell assignment incorrect.

D.

The user1 password is expired.

Question 27

A systems administrator wants to list all local accounts in which the UID is greater than 500. Which of the following commands will give the correct

output?

Options:

A.

find /etc/passwd —size +500

B.

cut —d: fl / etc/ passwd > 500

C.

awk -F: ‘$3 > 500 {print $1}' /etc/passwd

D.

sed '/UID/' /etc/passwd < 500

Question 28

A Linux administrator has physically added a new RAID adapter to a system. Which of the following commands should the Linux administrator run to confirm that the device has been recognized? (Select TWO).

Options:

A.

rmmod

B.

Is -11 /etc

C.

Ishw —class disk

D.

pvdisplay

E.

rmdir /dev

F.

dmesg

Question 29

A Linux administrator is configuring a two-node cluster and needs to be able to connect the nodes to each other using SSH keys from the root account. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

[root@nodea ssh —i ~/ . ssh/±d rsa root@nodeb

B.

[root@nodea scp -i . ssh/id rsa root@nodeb

C.

[root@nodea ssh—copy-id —i .ssh/id rsa root@nodeb

D.

[root@nodea # ssh add -c ~/ . ssh/id rsa root@nodeb

E.

[root@nodea # ssh add -c ~/. ssh/id rsa root@nodeb

Question 30

A developer needs to launch an Nginx image container, name it Web001, and ex-pose port 8080 externally while mapping to port 80 inside the container. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

docker exec —it -p 8080: 80 ——name Web001 nginx

B.

docker load -it -p 8080:80 ——name Web001 nginx

C.

docker run -it -P 8080:80 ——name Web001 nginx

D.

docker pull -it -p 8080:80 —name Web00l nginx

Question 31

A Linux administrator modified the SSH configuration file. Which of the following commands should be used to apply the configuration changes?

Options:

A.

systemct1 stop sshd

B.

systemct1 mask sshd

C.

systemct1 reload sshd

D.

systemct1 start sshd

Question 32

A systems technician is working on deploying several microservices to various RPM-based systems, some of which could run up to two hours. Which of the following commands will allow the technician to execute those services and continue deploying other microservices within the same terminal section?

Options:

A.

gedit & disown

B.

kill 9 %1

C.

fg %1

D.

bg %1 job name

Question 33

A Linux administrator is alerted to a storage capacity issue on a server without a specific mount point or directory. Which of the following commands would be MOST helpful for troubleshooting? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

parted

B.

df

C.

mount

D.

du

E.

fdisk

F.

dd

G.

ls

Question 34

A Linux administrator has logged in to a server for the first time and needs to know which services are allowed through the firewall. Which of the following options will return the results for which the administrator is looking?

Options:

A.

firewall-cmd —get-services

B.

firewall-cmd —check-config

C.

firewall-cmd —list-services

D.

systemct1 status firewalld

Question 35

A systems administrator is notified that the mysqld process stopped unexpectedly. The systems administrator issues the following command:

sudo grep –i -r ‘out of memory’ /var/log

The output of the command shows the following:

kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 9112 (mysqld) score 511 or sacrifice child.

Which of the following commands should the systems administrator execute NEXT to troubleshoot this issue? (Select two).

Options:

A.

free -h

B.

nc -v 127.0.0.1 3306

C.

renice -15 $( pidof mysql )

D.

lsblk

E.

killall -15

F.

vmstat -a 1 4

Question 36

A Linux systems administrator is configuring a new filesystem that needs the capability to be mounted persistently across reboots. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

df -h /data

B.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

C.

fsck /dev/sdc1

D.

fdisk -l /dev/sdc1

E.

echo "/data /dev/sdc1 ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

F.

echo "/dev/sdc1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

Question 37

A Linux administrator has set up a new DNS forwarder and is configuring all internal servers to use the new forwarder to look up external DNS requests. The administrator needs to modify the firewall on the server for the DNS forwarder to allow the internal servers to communicate to it and make the changes persistent between server reboots. Which of the following commands should be run on the DNS forwarder server to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

ufw allow out dns

B.

systemct1 reload firewalld

C.

iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -ra udp -dport 53 -j ACCEPT

D.

flrewall-cmd --zone-public --add-port-53/udp --permanent

Question 38

A Linux administrator needs to connect securely to a remote server in order to install application software. Which of the following commands would allow this connection?

Options:

A.

scp "ABC-key.pem" root@10.0.0.1

B.

sftp rooteiO.0.0.1

C.

telnet 10.0.0.1 80

D.

ssh -i "ABC-key.pem" root@10.0.0.1

E.

sftp "ABC-key.pem" root@10.0.0.1

Question 39

A Linux administrator is reviewing changes to a configuration file that includes the following section:

The Linux administrator is trying to select the appropriate syntax formatter to correct any issues with the configuration file. Which of the following should the syntax formatter support to meet this goal?

Options:

A.

Markdown

B.

XML

C.

YAML

D.

JSON

Question 40

A cloud engineer needs to block the IP address 192.168.10.50 from accessing a Linux server. Which of the following commands will achieve this goal?

Options:

A.

iptables -F INPUT -j 192.168.10.50 -m DROP

B.

iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.10.30 -j DROP

C.

iptables -i INPUT --ipv4 192.168.10.50 -z DROP

D.

iptables -j INPUT 192.168.10.50 -p DROP

Question 41

Which of the following is a benefit of a service mesh?

Options:

A.

Encrypted communication between two services in a Kubernetes environment

B.

Direct access to the Kubernetes API services through the use of tokens

C.

Elevated privileges in a Kubernetes pod to allow root access in a hardened cluster

D.

Creating PVCs in a Kubernetes cluster to store and manage persistent data

Question 42

An administrator has source code and needs to rebuild a kernel module. Which of the following command sequences is most commonly used to rebuild this

type of module?

Options:

A.

./configuremakemake install

B.

wgetgcccp

C.

tar xvzfbuildcp

D.

buildinstallconfigure

Question 43

A Linux administrator is trying to start the database service on a Linux server but is not able to run it. The administrator executes a few commands and receives the following output:

Which of the following should the administrator run to resolve this issue? (Select two).

Options:

A.

systemctl unmask mariadb

B.

journalctl —g mariadb

C.

dnf reinstall mariadb

D.

systemctl start mariadb

E.

chkconfig mariadb on

F.

service mariadb reload

Question 44

An administrator needs to increase the system priority of a process with PID 2274. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to

accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

renice —n —15 2274

B.

nice -15 2274

C.

echo "—15" > /proc/PID/2274/priority

D.

ps —ef I grep 2274

Question 45

A systems administrator is gathering information about a file type and the contents of a file. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

file filename

B.

touch filename

C.

grep filename

D.

lsof filename

Question 46

A systems engineer deploys a new application server, but the server cannot communicate with the back-end database hostname. The engineer confirms that the application server can ping the database server's IP address. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the issue?

Options:

A.

Incorrect DNS servers

B.

Unreachable default gateway

C.

Missing route configuration

D.

Misconfigured subnet mask

Question 47

Which of the following commands should a technician use to create an administrative account for the username Joe?

Options:

A.

sudo useradd -G wheel joe

B.

sudo useradd joe; sudo passwd -l joe

C.

sudo useradd joe; sudo cat key.pem > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

D.

sudo useradd joe; groupadd admin joe

Question 48

A Linux systems administrator is resolving a privileged access issue for users who are members of an admin group. Which of the following configuration files should the administrator update so the users in the admin group will have root privileged access to the Linux system?

Options:

A.

/etc/sudoers

B.

/etc/login.defs

C.

/etc/group

D.

/etc/shadow

Question 49

The group owner of the / home/ test directory would like to preserve all group permissions on files created in the directory. Which of the following

commands should the group owner execute?

Options:

A.

chmod g+s /home/test

B.

chgrp test /home/test

C.

chmod 777 /home/test

D.

chown —hR test /home/test

Question 50

A hardened physical Linux system allows regular, unprivileged users to remotely connect to the server using SSH only. No sudo tool has been installed. Which of the following should the Linux administrator use to perform administrative tasks on this host? (Select two).

Options:

A.

Create an SSH key and copy it to the remote server to allow passwordless login

B.

Access the server’s physical console and use the root user's password to log in

C.

Install the telnet server on this system to be able to use a root account

D.

Use the su command and enter the root user’s password

E.

Install the sudo command using the unprivileged user’s account

F.

Add the user to the wheel group

Question 51

A systems administrator changed the file permissions on the myfile file:

$ sudo chmod g+w myfile

$ ls -l myfile

-rwxrwxr-x 1 admin editors C 2022-10-13 10:45 myfile

Then the administrator added an existing user test to the editors group:

$ sudo usermod -aG editors test

However, the user test is still unable to edit the file. Which of the following solutions will fix this issue?

Options:

A.

The user test needs to log out and log back in before editing the myfile file.

B.

The file is only writable by the root user, and the user test needs root permissions.

C.

The group for the user test needs to be reloaded by running sudo source /etc/group.

D.

In order to edit the file, additional permissions are required that the user test does not have.

Question 52

A Linux administrator created a virtual clone of a physical server and would like to remove any existing entries related to SSH keys from outside entities on the virtual clone. Which of the following files should the administrator remove? (Select two).

Options:

A.

~/.ssh/authorized_keys

B.

~/.ssh/known_hosts

C.

/etc/ssh/ssh_config

D.

~/.ssh/config

E.

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

F.

/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

Question 53

Users are reporting that a Linux server is responding slowly. A systems administrator troubleshooting the server issue sees the following iostat output, with %iowait at 50.38. Which of the following is most likely the issue?

Options:

A.

The CPU is mostly waiting for I/O operations.

B.

/ filesystem does not have enough storage allocated.

C.

/var filesystem is almost full.

D.

The CPU capacity is inadequate.

Question 54

A Linux administrator is creating a user that can run the FTP service but cannot log in to the system. The administrator sets /bin/false as a login shell for the user. When the user tries to run the FTP service, it is rejected with an "invalid shell: /bin/false" message. Which of the following is the best way to resolve the issue?

Options:

A.

Change ownership of /bin/false to the FTP user

B.

Add /bin/false entry to the /etc/shells file

C.

Make /bin/false an executable file

D.

Change the user’s default shell to /bin/bash

Question 55

A Linux engineer wants to give read-write-execute permissions for the cloud_users directory to user Oliver. Which of the following commands should the engineer use?

Options:

A.

setfacl -L Oliver/cloud_users

B.

setfacl -x rwx/cloud_users

C.

setfacl -P rwx/cloud_users

D.

setfacl -m u:Oliver/cloud_users

Question 56

A Linux systems administrator is updating code. After completing the update, the administrator wants to publish the updated code without including the configuration files. Which of the following should the administrator use to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

git clone

B.

git -

C.

.gitignore

D.

git fetch

Question 57

An administrator started a long-running process in the foreground that needs to continue without interruption. Which of the following keystrokes should the administrator use to continue running the process in the background?

Options:

A.

bg

B.

bg

C.

jobs -1

D.

bg &

Question 58

A systems administrator needs to know the mail exchange (MX) record for the foo.com domain. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

telnet mx foo.com

B.

dig mx foo.com

C.

nslookup mx foo.com

D.

host mx foo.com

Question 59

A server administrator has scheduled a cron job to run YUM updates on all servers without manual intervention, but kernel packages must be excluded from the updates at all times. Which of the following configuration files needs to be modified to make these changes persistent?

Options:

A.

/etc/yum.conf

B.

/etc/dnf/dnf.conf

C.

/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/packages.conf

D.

/etc/yum.repo.d/kernel.repo

Question 60

A Linux administrator wants to prevent the httpd web service from being started both manually and automatically on a server. Which of the following should the administrator use to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

systemctl mask httpd

B.

systemctl disable httpd

C.

systemctl stop httpd

D.

systemctl reload httpd

Question 61

A Linux engineer receives the following notification from a system:

cp: cannot create regular file '/app/appdata.tar*': No space left on device

The engineer obtains the following output:

[root@host ~]# df -i /app

Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree Mounted on

/dev/vdb 2048 2048 0 /app

bash

CopyEdit

[root@host ~]# df -h /app

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vdb 2.0G 6.1M 1.9G 1% /app

Which of the following describes the state of the filesystem based on this output?

Options:

A.

The filesystem was mounted in read-only mode.

B.

The filesystem has depleted the available inodes.

C.

The filesystem is not mounted in the correct location.

D.

The filesystem has consumed the available space.

Question 62

A user is cleaning up a directory because it has more than 100,000 files that were generated from an experiment. When the user tries to remove the unneeded experiment files, the user receives an error:

arduino

cannot execute [Argument list too long]

Which of the following should the user execute to remove these files?

Options:

A.

find . -name "experiment*.txt" -exec rm "{}" ;

B.

rm -rf experiment*.txt

C.

rm --force experiment*.txt

D.

for i in experiment*.txt; do find . -name $i -exec rmdir "{}" ; done

Question 63

A developer is unable to access a Linux server via SSH. Given the following output:

SSH server configuration (/etc/ssh/sshd_config):

PermitRootLogin no

PubkeyAuthentication yes

PasswordAuthentication yes

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

X11Forwarding no

User Information (/etc/passwd):

developer:x:1000:1000:comptia:/home/developer:/bin/bash

User Shadow File (/etc/shadow):

developer:!!::0:99999:7:::

Which of the following explains why the developer is unable to log in to the server?

Options:

A.

The developer’s private key has been deleted from the server.

B.

The developer's account has been locked out.

C.

The developer's public key is in the wrong location.

D.

SSH has been disabled for user log-in.

Question 64

A user (userA) has reported issues while logging in to the system. The following output has been provided:

bash

Could not chdir to home directory /home/userA: Permission denied

-bash: /home/userA/.bash_profile: Permission denied

# cat /etc/passwd | grep userA

userA:x:1234:3400:userA account:/home/userA/:/bin/bash

# passwd -S userA

userA PS 2022-10-17 1 99999 0 (Password set. SHA512 crypt.)

# groups userA

admin dev usergrp

# ls -lth /home/

drwx------ 7 root admin 9 Jan 17 2019 userA

drwxr-xr-x 4 userC app 9 Jan 23 2020 userC

Which of the following describes the issue userA is having?

Options:

A.

The password for userA is not set

B.

The group for userA is not assigned correctly

C.

The account password for userA has expired

D.

The assigned home directory is not owned by userA

Question 65

A Linux administrator is troubleshooting an SSHD issue on a server. Users are receiving error messages stating the connection is refused. Which of the following commands should be used to verify whether the service is listening?

Options:

A.

nslookup

B.

route

C.

netstat

D.

ifconfig

Question 66

An administrator would like to list all current containers, regardless of their running state. Which of the following commands would allow the administrator to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

docker ps -a

B.

docker list

C.

docker image ls

D.

docker inspect image

Question 67

A user is unable to remotely log on to a server using the server name server1 and port 22. The Linux engineer troubleshoots the issue and gathers the following information:

Which of the following is most likely causing the issue?

Options:

A.

server 1 is not in the DNS.

B.

sshd is running on a non-standard port.

C.

sshd is not an active service.

D.

serverl is using an incorrect IP address.

Question 68

A systems administrator notices the process list on a mission-critical server has a large number of processes that are in state "Z" and marked as "defunct." Which of the following should the administrator do in an attempt to safely remove these entries from the process list?

Options:

A.

Kill the process with PID 1.

B.

Kill the PID of the processes.

C.

Kill the parent PID of the processes.

D.

Reboot the server.

Question 69

A Linux user is trying to execute commands with sudo but is receiving the following error:

$ sudo visudo

>>> /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 28 <<<

sudo: parse error in /etc/sudoers near line 28

sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting

The following output is provided:

# grep root /etc/shadow

root :* LOCK *: 14600 ::::::

Which of the following actions will resolve this issue?

Options:

A.

Log in directly using the root account and comment out line 28 from /etc/sudoers.

B.

Boot the system in single user mode and comment out line 28 from /etc/sudoers.

C.

Comment out line 28 from /etc/sudoers and try to use sudo again.

D.

Log in to the system using the other regular user, switch to root, and comment out line 28 from /etc/sudoers.

Question 70

A diagnostic tool reports a "host seems down" event for a server with an IP address of 192.168.47.44. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to confirm the host down event?

Options:

A.

nmap 192.168.47.0/32

B.

netcat 192.168.47.44

C.

nmap 192.168.47.44 -Pn

D.

ping -c 1 192.168.47.44

Question 71

An administrator accidentally installed the httpd RPM package along with several dependencies. Which of the following options is the best way for the administrator to revert the package installation?

Options:

A.

dnf clean all

B.

rpm -e httpd

C.

apt-get clean

D.

yum history undo last

Question 72

An administrator completes maintenance on a server but cannot remount the logical volume. Given the following output:

# mount /dev/data/files /opt/data/

mount: /opt/data: special device /dev/data/files does not exist.

# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

files data -wi-a------ 600.00m

# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

data 1 1 0 wz—n- 1020.00m 420.00m

Which of the following commands should the administrator execute to resolve the issue?

Options:

A.

vgchange -ay data

B.

lvscan --all

C.

vgimport data

D.

lvchange -ay /dev/data/files

Question 73

NO: 12:

A network administrator issues the dig command and receives an NXDOMAIN response. Which of the following files should the administrator check first?

Options:

A.

/etc/resolv.conf

B.

/etc/hosts

C.

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

D.

/etc/nsswitch.conf

Question 74

The development team wants to prevent a file from being modified by all users in a Linux system, including the root account. Which of the following commands can be used to accomplish this objective?

Options:

A.

chmod / app/conf/file

B.

setenforce / app/ conf/ file

C.

chattr +i /app/conf/file

D.

chmod 0000 /app/conf/file

Question 75

A systems administrator created a new directory with specific permissions. Given the following output:

# file: comptia

# owner: root

# group: root

user: : rwx

group :: r-x

other: :---

default:user :: rwx

default:group :: r-x

default:group:wheel: rwx

default:mask :: rwx

default:other ::-

Which of the following permissions are enforced on /comptia?

Options:

A.

Members of the wheel group can read files in /comptia.

B.

Newly created files in /comptia will have the sticky bit set.

C.

Other users can create files in /comptia.

D.

Only root can create files in /comptia.

Question 76

A Linux administrator generated a list of users who have root-level command-line access to the Linux server to meet an audit requirement. The administrator analyzes the following /etc/passwd and /etc/sudoers files:

$ cat /etc/passwd

root:x: 0:0: :/home/root: /bin/bash

lee: x: 500: 500: :/home/lee:/bin/tcsh

mallory:x: 501:501: :/root:/bin/bash

eve:x: 502: 502: /home/eve:/bin/nologin

carl:x:0:503: :/home/carl:/bin/sh

bob:x: 504: 504: : /home/bob:/bin/ksh

alice:x: 505:505: :/home/alice:/bin/rsh

$ cat /etc/sudoers

Cmnd_Alias SHELLS = /bin/tcsh, /bin/sh, /bin/bash

Cmnd_Alias SYSADMIN = /usr/sbin/tcpdump

ALL = (ALL) ALL

ALL = NOPASSWD: SYSADMIN

Which of the following users, in addition to the root user, should be listed in the audit report as having root-level command-line access? (Select two).

Options:

A.

Carl

B.

Lee

C.

Mallory

D.

Eve

E.

Bob

F.

Alice

Question 77

A file called testfile has both uppercase and lowercase letters:

$ cat testfile

ABCDEfgH

IJKLmnoPQ

abcdefgH

ijklLMNopq

A Linux administrator is tasked with converting testfile into all uppercase and writing it to a new file with the name uppercase. Which of the following commands will achieve

this task?

Options:

A.

tr '(A-Z}' '{a-z}' < testfile > uppercase

B.

echo testfile | tr "[Z-A]" "[z-a]" < testfile > uppercase

C.

cat testfile | tr '{z-a)' '{Z-A}' < testfile > uppercase

D.

tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' < testfile > uppercase

Question 78

A network administrator issues the dig command and receives an NXDOMAIN response. Which of the following files should the administrator check first?

Options:

A.

/etc/resolv.conf

B.

/etc/hosts

C.

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

D.

/etc/nsswitch.conf

Question 79

A systems administrator is creating new user accounts on several Linux machines and wants to automate the process from a Linux system used for operations. In this operations system, the list of servers is located in the /home/user/serverslist file and the list of user accounts is located in the /home/user/userslist file. Which of the following scripts will help accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

bashfor server in $(cat /home/user/serverslist) do for user in $(cat /home/user/userslist) do sudo useradd $user done done

B.

bashfor server in $(cat /home/user/serverslist) do ssh -i user@$server "for user in $(cat /home/user/userslist) do sudo useradd $user done; exit" done

C.

bashfor server in $(cat /home/user/serverslist) do scp /home/user/userslist user@$server:/tmp ssh -i user@$server "for user in $(cat /tmp/userslist) do sudo useradd $user done; exit" done

D.

bashssh user@$(cat /home/user/serverslist) "sudo useradd $(cat /home/user/userslist); exit"

Question 80

A Linux administrator provisioned a new web server with custom administrative permissions for certain users. The administrator receives a report that user1 is unable to restart the Apache web service on this server. The administrator reviews the following output:

[ root@server ] # id user1

UID=1011 (user1) gid=1011 (USER1) groups=1011 (user1), 101 (www-data), 1120 (webadmin)

[ root@server ] # cat /etc/sudoers.d/custom.conf

user1 ALL=/usr/sbin/systemctl start httpd, /usr/sbin/systemctl stop httpd

webadmin ALL=NOPASSWD: /etc/init.d.httpd restart, /sbin/service httpd restart, /usr/sbin/apache2ctl restart

#%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Which of the following would most likely resolve the issue while maintaining a least privilege security model?

Options:

A.

User1 should be added to the wheel group to manage the service.

B.

User1 should have "NOPASSWD:" after the "ALL=" in the custom. conf.

C.

The wheel line in the custom. conf file should be uncommented.

D.

Webadmin should be listed as a group in the custom. conf file.

Question 81

A Linux system is failing to boot with the following error:

Which of the following actions will resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Execute grub-install --root-directory=/mnt and reboot.

B.

Execute grub-install /dev/sdX and reboot.

C.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add rescue to the kernel line.

D.

Fix the partition modifying /etc/default/grub and reboot.

E.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add single to the kernel line.

F.

Boot the system on a LiveCD/ISO.

Question 82

A developer is trying to install an application remotely that requires a graphical interface for installation. The developer requested assistance to set up the necessary environment variables along with X11 forwarding in SSH. Which of the following environment variables must be set in remote shell in order to launch the graphical interface?

Options:

A.

$RHOST

B.

SETENV

C.

$SHELL

D.

$DISPLAY

Question 83

An administrator accidentally deleted the /boot/vmlinuz file and must resolve the issue before the server is rebooted. Which of the following commands should the administrator use to identify the correct

version of this file?

Options:

A.

rpm -qa | grep kernel; uname -a

B.

yum -y update; shutdown -r now

C.

cat /etc/centos-release; rpm -Uvh --nodeps

D.

telinit 1; restorecon -Rv /boot

Question 84

A Linux system fails to start and delivers the following error message:

Which of the following commands can be used to address this issue?

Options:

A.

fsck.ext4 /dev/sda1

B.

partprobe /dev/sda1

C.

fdisk /dev/sda1

D.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Question 85

A Linux administrator is tasked with adding users to the system. However, the administrator wants to ensure the users’ access will be disabled once the project is over. The expiration date should be 2021-09-30. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

sudo useradd -e 2021-09-30 Project_user

B.

sudo useradd -c 2021-09-30 Project_user

C.

sudo modinfo -F 2021-09-30 Project_uses

D.

sudo useradd -m -d 2021-09-30 Project_user

Question 86

After installing some RPM packages, a systems administrator discovers the last package that was installed was not needed. Which of the following commands can be used to remove the package?

Options:

A.

dnf remove packagename

B.

apt-get remove packagename

C.

rpm -i packagename

D.

apt remove packagename

Question 87

A systems administrator is tasked with preventing logins from accounts other than root, while the file /etc/nologin exists. Which of the following PAM modules will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

pam_login.so

B.

pam_access.so

C.

pam_logindef.so

D.

pam_nologin.so

Question 88

To harden one of the servers, an administrator needs to remove the possibility of remote administrative login via the SSH service. Which of the following should the administrator do?

Options:

A.

Add the line DenyUsers root to the /etc/hosts.deny file.

B.

Set PermitRootLogin to no in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.

C.

Add the line account required pam_nologin. so to the /etc/pam.d/sshd file.

D.

Set PubKeyAuthentication to no in the /etc/ssh/ssh_config file.

Question 89

A Linux administrator wants to set the SUID of a file named dev_team.text with 744 access rights. Which of the following commands will achieve this goal?

Options:

A.

chmod 4744 dev_team.txt

B.

chmod 744 --setuid dev_team.txt

C.

chmod -c 744 dev_team.txt

D.

chmod -v 4744 --suid dev_team.txt

Question 90

A systems administrator is checking the system logs. The administrator wants to look at the last 20 lines of a log. Which of the following will execute the command?

Options:

A.

tail -v 20

B.

tail -n 20

C.

tail -c 20

D.

tail -l 20

Question 91

A Linux administrator cloned an existing Linux server and built a new server from that clone. The administrator encountered the following error after booting the cloned server:

The administrator performed the commands listed below to further troubleshoot and mount the missing filesystem:

Which of the following should administrator use to resolve the device mismatch issue and mount the disk?

Options:

A.

mount disk by device-id

B.

fsck -A

C.

mount disk by-label

D.

mount disk by-blkid

Question 92

A new Linux systems administrator just generated a pair of SSH keys that should allow connection to the servers. Which of the following commands can be used to copy a key file to remote servers? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

wget

B.

ssh-keygen

C.

ssh-keyscan

D.

ssh-copy-id

E.

ftpd

F.

scp

Question 93

A Linux administrator was tasked with deleting all files and directories with names that are contained in the sobelete.txt file. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

xargs -f cat toDelete.txt -rm

B.

rm -d -r -f toDelete.txt

C.

cat toDelete.txt | rm -frd

D.

cat toDelete.txt | xargs rm -rf

Question 94

An administrator installed an application from source into /opt/operations1/ and has received numerous reports that users are not able to access the application without having to use the full path /opt/operations1/bin/*. Which of the following commands should be used to resolve this issue?

Options:

A.

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/operations1/bin' >> /etc/profile

B.

echo 'export PATH=/opt/operations1/bin' >> /etc/profile

C.

echo 'export PATH=$PATH/opt/operations1/bin' >> /etc/profile

D.

echo 'export $PATH:/opt/operations1/bin' >> /etc/profile

Question 95

Based on an organization’s new cybersecurity policies, an administrator has been instructed to ensure that, by default, all new users and groups that are created fall within the specified values below.

To which of the following configuration files will the required changes need to be made?

Options:

A.

/etc/login.defs

B.

/etc/security/limits.conf

C.

/etc/default/useradd

D.

/etc/profile

Question 96

A Linux administrator was asked to run a container with the httpd server inside. This container should be exposed at port 443 of a Linux host machine while it internally listens on port 8443. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

podman run -d -p 443:8443 httpd

B.

podman run -d -p 8443:443 httpd

C.

podman run –d -e 443:8443 httpd

D.

podman exec -p 8443:443 httpd

Question 97

Which of the following files holds the system configuration for journal when running systemd?

Options:

A.

/etc/systemd/journald.conf

B.

/etc/systemd/systemd-journalctl.conf

C.

/usr/lib/systemd/journalctl.conf

D.

/etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf

Question 98

A systems administrator needs to reconfigure a Linux server to allow persistent IPv4 packet forwarding. Which of the following commands is the correct way to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ipv_forward

B.

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

C.

firewall-cmd --enable ipv4_forwarding

D.

systemct1 start ipv4_forwarding

Question 99

A systems administrator is implementing a new service task with systems at startup and needs to execute a script entitled test.sh with the following content:

The administrator tries to run the script after making it executable with chmod +x; however, the script will not run. Which of the following should the administrator do to address this issue? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Add #!/bin/bash to the bottom of the script.

B.

Create a unit file for the new service in /etc/systemd/system/ with the name helpme.service in the location.

C.

Add #!//bin/bash to the top of the script.

D.

Restart the computer to enable the new service.

E.

Create a unit file for the new service in /etc/init.d with the name helpme.service in the location.

F.

Shut down the computer to enable the new service.

Question 100

As a Systems Administrator, to reduce disk space, you were tasked to create a shell script that does the following:

Add relevant content to /tmp/script.sh, so that it finds and compresses rotated files in /var/log without recursion.

INSTRUCTIONS

Fill the blanks to build a script that performs the actual compression of rotated log files.

If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.

Options:

Question 101

A Linux systems administrator needs to persistently enable IPv4 forwarding in one of the Linux systems. Which of the following commands can be used together to accomplish this task? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

B.

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

C.

echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

D.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

E.

sysctl –p

F.

echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=l" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

Question 102

A Linux administrator is tasked with creating resources using containerization. When deciding how to create this type of deployment, the administrator identifies some key features, including portability, high availability, and scalability in production. Which of the following should the Linux administrator choose for the new design?

Options:

A.

Docker

B.

On-premises systems

C.

Cloud-based systems

D.

Kubernetes

Question 103

A Linux administrator needs to remove software from the server. Which of the following RPM options should be used?

Options:

A.

rpm -s

B.

rрm -d

C.

rpm -q

D.

rpm -e

Question 104

A systems administrator needs to clone the partition /dev/sdc1 to /dev/sdd1. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

tar -cvzf /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1

B.

rsync /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

C.

dd if=/dev/sdc1 of=/dev/sdd1

D.

scp /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

Question 105

Several users reported that they were unable to write data to the /oracle1 directory. The following output has been provided:

Which of the following commands should the administrator use to diagnose the issue?

Options:

A.

df -i /oracle1

B.

fdisk -1 /dev/sdb1

C.

lsblk /dev/sdb1

D.

du -sh /oracle1

Question 106

A Linux engineer is setting the sticky bit on a directory called devops with 755 file permission. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

chown -s 755 devops

B.

chown 1755 devops

C.

chmod -s 755 devops

D.

chmod 1755 devops

Question 107

A Linux administrator needs to create an image named sda.img from the sda disk and store it in the /tmp directory. Which of the following commands should be used to accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

dd of=/dev/sda if=/tmp/sda.img

B.

dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/sda.img

C.

dd --if=/dev/sda --of=/tmp/sda.img

D.

dd --of=/dev/sda --if=/tmp/sda.img

Question 108

A DevOps engineer needs to allow incoming traffic to ports in the range of 4000 to 5000 on a Linux server. Which of the following commands will enforce this rule?

Options:

A.

iptables -f filter -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 4000:5000 -A ACCEPT

B.

iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 4000:5000 -j ACCEPT

C.

iptables filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 4000:5000 -D ACCEPT

D.

iptables filter -S INPUT -p tcp --dport 4000:5000 -A ACCEPT

Question 109

A systems administrator wants to test the route between IP address 10.0.2.15 and IP address 192.168.1.40. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

Options:

A.

route -e get to 192.168.1.40 from 10.0.2.15

B.

ip route get 192.163.1.40 from 10.0.2.15

C.

ip route 192.169.1.40 to 10.0.2.15

D.

route -n 192.168.1.40 from 10.0.2.15

Question 110

A systems administrator wants to be sure the sudo rules just added to /etc/sudoers are valid. Which of the following commands can be used for this task?

Options:

A.

visudo -c

B.

test -f /etc/sudoers

C.

sudo vi check

D.

cat /etc/sudoers | tee test

Question 111

Developers have requested implementation of a persistent, static route on the application server. Packets sent over the interface eth0 to 10.0.213.5/32 should be routed via 10.0.5.1. Which of the following commands should the administrator run to achieve this goal?

Options:

A.

route -i etho -p add 10.0.213.5 10.0.5.1

B.

route modify eth0 +ipv4.routes "10.0.213.5/32 10.0.5.1"

C.

echo "10.0.213.5 10.0.5.1 eth0" > /proc/net/route

D.

ip route add 10.0.213.5/32 via 10.0.5.1 dev eth0

Question 112

Which of the following commands will display the operating system?

Options:

A.

uname -n

B.

uname -s

C.

uname -o

D.

uname -m

Question 113

A Linux administrator booted up the server and was presented with a non-GUI terminal. The administrator ran the command systemct1 isolate graphical.target and rebooted the system by running systemct1 reboot, which fixed the issue. However, the next day the administrator was presented again with a non-GUI terminal. Which of the following is the issue?

Options:

A.

The administrator did not reboot the server properly.

B.

The administrator did not set the default target to basic.target.

C.

The administrator did not set the default target to graphical.target.

D.

The administrator did not shut down the server properly.

Question 114

A Linux system is failing to start due to issues with several critical system processes. Which of the following options can be used to boot the system into the single user mode? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Execute the following command from the GRUB rescue shell: mount -o remount, ro/sysroot.

B.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add systemd.unit=single in the kernel line.

C.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add systemd.unit=rescue.target in the kernel line.

D.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add single=user in the kernel line.

E.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add init=/bin/bash in the kernel line.

F.

Interrupt the boot process in the GRUB menu and add systemd.unit=single.target in the kernel line.

Question 115

A Linux administrator is troubleshooting SSH connection issues from one of the workstations.

When users attempt to log in from the workstation to a server with the IP address 104.21.75.76, they receive the following message:

The administrator reviews the information below:

Which of the following is causing the connectivity issue?

Options:

A.

The workstation has the wrong IP settings.

B.

The sshd service is disabled.

C.

The server’s firewall is preventing connections from being made.

D.

The server has an incorrect default gateway configuration.

Question 116

An administrator transferred a key for SSH authentication to a home directory on a remote server. The key file was moved to .ssh/authorized_keys location in order to establish SSH connection without a password. However, the SSH command still asked for the password. Given the following output:

Which of the following commands would resolve the issue?

Options:

A.

restorecon .ssh/authorized_keys

B.

ssh_keygen -t rsa -o .ssh/authorized_keys

C.

chown root:root .ssh/authorized_keys

D.

chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

Question 117

A Linux administrator wants to find out whether files from the wget package have been altered since they were installed. Which of the following commands will provide the correct information?

Options:

A.

rpm -i wget

B.

rpm -qf wget

C.

rpm -F wget

D.

rpm -V wget

Question 118

A systems administrator wants to back up the directory /data and all its contents to /backup/data on a remote server named remote. Which of the following commands will achieve the desired effect?

Options:

A.

scp -p /data remote:/backup/data

B.

ssh -i /remote:/backup/ /data

C.

rsync -a /data remote:/backup/

D.

cp -r /data /remote/backup/

Question 119

Junior system administrator had trouble installing and running an Apache web server on a Linux server. You have been tasked with installing the Apache web server on the Linux server and resolving the issue that prevented the junior administrator from running Apache.

INSTRUCTIONS

Install Apache and start the service. Verify that the Apache service is running with the defaults.

Typing “help” in the terminal will show a list of relevant event commands.

If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.

Options:

Question 120

A systems administrator created a web server for the company and is required to add a tag for the API so end users can connect. Which of the following would the administrator do to complete this requirement?

Options:

A.

hostnamectl status --no-ask-password

B.

hostnamectl set-hostname "$(perl -le "print" "A" x 86)"

C.

hostnamectl set-hostname Comptia-WebNode -H root@192.168.2.14

D.

hostnamectl set-hostname Comptia-WebNode --transient

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