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Financial Strategy Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company has:

   • 10 million $1 ordinary shares in issue 

   • A current share price of $5.00 a share

   • A WACC of 15%

The company holds $10 million in cash. No interest is earned on this cash.

It will invest this in a project with an expected NPV of $4 million.

 

In a semi-strong efficient stock market, which of the following is the most likely share price immediately after the announcement of the new investment?

Options:

A.

$5.40 

B.

$6.40

C.

$6.80

D.

$5.30

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Question 2

Two listed companies in the same industry are joining together through a merger.

 

What are the likely outcomes that will occur after the merger has happened? 

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

Increase in customer base.

B.

Competition authorities step in to stop a potential price monopoly.

C.

Decrease in employee motivation due to internal changes.

D.

Changes to supplier relationships owing to internal changes.

E.

Cost savings from synergistic benefits and economies of scale.

Question 3

A company has identified potential profitable investments that would require a total of S50 million capital expenditure over the next two years The following information is relevant.

• The company has 100 million shares in issue and has a market capitalisation of S500 million

• It has a target debt to equity ratio of 40% based on market values This ratio is currently 30%

• Earnings for the current year are expected to be S1 00 million

• Its last dividend payment was $1 per share One of the company's objectives is to increase dividends by at least 10% each year

• The company has no cash reserves

Which of the following is the most suitable method of financing to meet the company's requirements?

Options:

A.

Use a share repurchase scheme rather than pay a cash dividend

B.

Increase debt to meet the target debt to equity ratio.

C.

Reduce dividends for this year only to 50 cents a share.

D.

Maintain dividends at $1 per share for the next two years.

Question 4

A company has borrowings of S5 million on which it pays interest at 8%. It has an operating profit margin of 20%.

The company plans to increase borrowings by S2 million Interest on additional borrowings would be 10% and the operating profit margin would remain unchanged

A debt covenant attached to the new borrowings requires interest cover to be at least 4 times throughout the period of the borrowing

Interest cover is defined in the loan documentation as being based on operating profit

What is the minimum sales value required each year to avoid a breach of the interest cover covenant'

Options:

A.

S12.00 million

B.

S3.00 million

C.

TS2.40 million

D.

S2.88 million

Question 5

A company plans to raise $12 million to finance an expansion project using a rights issue.

Relevant data:

• Shares will be offered at a 20% discount to the present market price of $15.00 per share.

• There are currently 2 million shares in issue.

• The project is forecast to yield a positive NPV of $6 million.

What is the yield-adjusted Theoretical Ex-Rights Price following the announcement of the rights issue?

Options:

A.

$16.00

B.

$14.00

C.

$9.00

D.

$11.00

Question 6

Company A has a cash surplus.

The discount rate used for a typical project is the company's weighted average cost of capital of 10%.

No investment projects will be available for at least 2 years.

 

Which of the following is currently most likely to increase shareholder wealth in respect of the surplus cash?

Options:

A.

Investing in a 2 year bond returning 5% each year.

B.

Investing in the local money market at 4% each year.

C.

Maintaining the cash in a current account.

D.

Paying the surplus cash as a dividend at the earliest opportunity.

Question 7

M is an accountant who wishes to take out a forward rate agreement as a hedging instrument but the company treasurer has advised that a short-term interest rate future would be a better option.

Which of the following is true of a short-term interest ratefuture?

Options:

A.

It can be tailoredtothe exact reeds of the company.

B.

It interest rates have gone down the price of the future will have fallen.

C.

It must be kept for ne whole duration of the contract

D.

The date is flexible and the position can be closed quickly and easily.

Question 8

Company WWW is considering making a takeover bid for Company KKA Company KKA's current share price is $5.00

Company WWW is considering either

" A cash payment of $5.75 for each share in Company KKA

" A 5 year corporate bond with a market value of $90 in exchange for 15 shares in Company KKA

Calculate the highest percentage premium which Company KKA shareholders will receive.

Options:

A.

Corporate bond premium = 80%

B.

Corporate bond premium = 20%

C.

Cash premium = 10%

D.

Cash premium = 15%

Question 9

Company A is a large well-established listed entertainment company and Company B is a small unlisted company specializing in providing online media streaming.

Company A has a gearing ratio of 60% (using book values) and interest cover of 2.

Company A is considering making an offer for Company B, either a cash offer financial by raising additional debt finance or a share-for-share exchange.

Which of the following is most likely to occur if Company A offers a share-for exchange rather than offering cash finance by raising debt?

Options:

A.

Earnings per share would be higher.

B.

Divided per share would be higher.

C.

Gearing would be lower.

D.

There would be no dilution f of control.

Question 10

A listed company has recently announced a profit warning.

 

The company's share price fell 20% on the day of the announcement but had been fairly static in the weeks leading up to the announcement.

 

Which form of efficient market is most likely to be indicated by this share price movement?

Options:

A.

Weak form

B.

Semi-strong form

C.

Strong form

D.

Random walk

Question 11

Which THREE of the following methods of business valuation would give a valuation of the equity of an entity, rather than the value of the whole entity?

Options:

A.

Expected dividend in one year's time / (cost of equity - growth rate).

B.

Total earnings x appropriate price-earnings ratio.

C.

Forecast future cash flows to all Investors, discounted at the weighted average cost of capital.

D.

Forecast future cash flows to equity, discounted at the cost of equity.

E.

Non-current assets, plus current assets, minus current liabilities

Question 12

A company is considering either directly exporting its product to customers in a foreign country or setting up a subsidiary in the foreign country to manufacture and supply customers in that country.

 

Details of each alternative method of supplying the foreign market are as follows:

 

 

There is an import tax on product entering the foreign country of 10% of sales value.

This import duty is a tax-allowable deduction in the company's domestic country.

The exchange rate is A$1.00 = B$1.10

 

Which alternative yields the highest total profit after taxation?

Options:

A.

Domestic: A$41,250

B.

Domestic: A$33,750

C.

Foreign subsidiary: A$35,000

D.

Foreign subsidiary: A$38,500

Question 13

Company X plans to acquire Company Y.

 

Pre-acquisition information:

 

 

Post-acquisition information:

Total combined earnings are expected to increase by 10%

Total combined P/E multiple will remain at 10 times

 

Which of the following share-for-share exchanges will result in an increase of 10% in Company X's share price post-acquisition?

Options:

A.

1 share in Company X for 2.75 shares in Company Y

B.

3 shares in Company X for 5 shares in Company Y

C.

2 shares in Company X for 1 shares in Company Y

D.

1 share in Company X for 2 shares in Company Y

Question 14

A company is wholly equity funded. It has the following relevant data:

   • Dividend just paid $4 million

   • Dividend growth rate is constant at 5%

   • The risk free rate is 4%

   • The market premium is 7%

   • The company's equity beta factor is 1.2

Calculate the value of the company using the Dividend Growth Model.

Give your answer in $ million to 2 decimal places.

$ ?  million

Options:

Question 15

Company A, a listed company, plans to acquire Company T, which is also listed.

 Additional information is:

   • Company A has 100 million shares in issue, with market price currently at $8.00 per share.

   • Company T has 90 million shares in issue, with market price currently at $5.00 each share.

   • Synergies valued at $60 million are expected to arise from the acquisition.

   • The terms of the offer will be 2 shares in A for 3 shares in B.

Assuming the offer is accepted and the synergies are realised, what should the post-acquisition price of each of Company A's shares be?

 

Give your answer to two decimal places.

 

$ ?  .

Options:

Question 16

A large, listed company in the food and household goods industry needs to raise $50 million for a period of up to 6 months.

It has an excellent credit rating and there is almost no risk of the company defaulting on the borrowings. The company already has a commercial paper programme in place and has a good relationship with its bank.

 

Which of the following is likely to be the most cost effective method of borrowing the money?

Options:

A.

Bank overdraft

B.

6 month term loan

C.

Treasury Bills

D.

Commercial paper

Question 17

Select whether the following statements are true or false with regard to Modigliani and Miller's dividend policy theory.

Options:

Question 18

A profitable company wishes to dispose of a loss-making division that generated negative free cashflow in the last financial year.

The division requires significant new investment to return it to profitability.

 

Which of the following valuation approaches is likely to be the most useful to the company when negotiating the sales price?

Options:

A.

Dividend growth model

B.

Asset basis

C.

Discounted forecast free cashflow

D.

P/E ratio applied to forecast earnings next year

Question 19

A company has forecast the following results for the next financial year:

  

The following is also relevant:

   • Profit after tax for the year can be assumed to be equivalent to free cash flow for the year.

   • Debt finance comprises a $10 million floating rate loan which currently carries an interest rate of 5%.

   • $400,000 investment in non-current assets is required to achieve required growth, all of which is to financed from next year's free cash flow.

   • The company plans to pay a dividend of $150,000 next year, financed from next year's free cash flow.

The company is concerned that interest rates could rise next year to 6% which could then affect their investment plans.

 

If interest rates were to rise to 6% and the company wishes to maintain its dividend amount, the planned investment expenditure will decrease by:

Options:

A.

$25,000

B.

$75,000

C.

$50,000

D.

$100,000

Question 20

Which of the following statements about companies seeking a stock market listing is correct?

Options:

A.

A listing may make it harder for a company to raise money from its existing lenders.

B.

The enhanced reputation of the company can improve its credit rating reducing the risk of non-payment to suppliers and lenders.

C.

When a company seeks a listing this may unsettle its staff, potentially resulting in a loss of valued employees.

D.

A listing will require the owners to either sell a majority of their shares, or, if they retain their shares, to step down from the board.

Question 21

A company's Board of Directors is assessing the likely impact of financing future new projects using either equity or debt.

The directors are uncertain of the effects on key variables.

 

Which THREE of the following statements are true?

Options:

A.

The choice between using either equity or debt will have no impact on the amount of corporate income tax payable.

B.

Retained earnings has no cost, and is therefore the cheapest form of equity finance.

C.

Debt finance is always preferable to equity finance.

D.

Debt finance will increase the cost of equity.

E.

Equity finance will reduce the overall financial risk.

F.

Equity finance will increase pressure to pay a higher total future dividend.

Question 22

A company has convertible bonds in issue.

The following debt is apply (31 December 20X0):

• Conversion ratio- 20 shares for each $130 bond.

• Current share price - $4 50

• Expected annual growth in share price - 5%

Advise the bond Holder at which date the convers on would be worthwhile?

Options:

A.

31 December 20X2

B.

31 December 20X0

C.

31 December 20X3

D.

31 December 20X1

Question 23

A listed company is planning a share repurchase. 

 

The following data applies:

   • There are 10 million shares in issue

   • The  share repurchase will involve buying back 20% of the shares at a price of $0.75

   • The company is holding $2 million cash

   • Earnings for the current year ended are $2 million

 

The Directors are concerned about the impact that this repurchase programme will have on the company's cash balance and current year earnings per share (EPS) ratio.

 

Advise the directors which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

The cash balance will decrease by 75% and EPS will decrease by 25%.

B.

The cash balance will decrease by 75% and EPS will increase by 25%.

C.

The cash balance will decrease by 20% and the EPS will decrease by 25%.

D.

The cash balance will decrease by 20% and the EPS will increase by 25%.

Question 24

An analyst has valued a company using the free cash flow valuation model.

 

The analyst used the following data in determining the value:

   • Estimated free cashflow in 1 year's time = $100,000

   • Estimated growth in free cashflow after the first year = 5% each year indefinitely

   • Appropriate cost of equity = 10% 

The result produced by the analyst was as follows:

Value of equity = $100,000 (1+0.05)/0.10 = $1,050,000

The analyst made a number of errors in determining the value. 

 

By how much has the analyst undervalued the company?

Options:

A.

$950,000

B.

$2,000,000

C.

$2,100,000

D.

$1,050,000

Question 25

Company XXY operates in country X with the X$ as its currency. It is looking to acquire company ZZY which operates in country Z with the Z$ as its currency.

The assistant accountant at Company XXY has started to prepare an initial valuation of Company ZZY's equity for the first 3 years, however their valuation is incomplete. TBC' in the table below indicates that her calculations have yet to be completed.

The following information is relevant:

What is the correct figure (to the nearest million S) to include in year 3 as the present value in X$ million?

Options:

A.

X$453 million

B.

X$504 million

C.

X$401 million

D.

X$360 million

Question 26

A company has accumulated a significant amount of excess cash which is not required for investment for the foreseeable future.

It is currently on deposit, earning negligible returns.

 

The Board of Directors is considering returning this excess cash to shareholders using a share repurchase programme.

The majority of shareholders are individuals with small shareholdings.

 

Which THREE of the following are advantages of the company undertaking a share repurchase programme? 

Options:

A.

Individual shareholders can realise their investment if they wish.

B.

The earnings per share should increase for the shareholders who do not sell their shares.

C.

It reduces excess cash which might have been attractive to predators.

D.

It reduces the amount of cash for potential future investment opportunities. 

E.

Institutional investors generally prefer a constant predictable income in the form of dividends.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a share repurchase?

Options:

A.

To return surplus cash to shareholders by avoiding a one-off dividend

B.

To allow investors to sell shares if no active market currently exists

C.

To reduce the cost of capital of a company by increasing the gearing level.

D.

To enable the company to retain cash in the business for reinvestment

Question 28

A listed company is financed by debt and equity.

If it increases the proportion of debt in its capital structure it would be in danger of breaching a debt covenant imposed by one of its lenders.

 

The following data is relevant:

  

 

The company now requires $800 million additional funding for a major expansion programme. 

 

Which of the following is the most appropriate as a source of finance for this expansion programme?

Options:

A.

Retained earnings

B.

Private placement of a bond

C.

Rights issue

D.

Bank overdraft

Question 29

A company is considering either exporting its product directly to customers in a foreign country or establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in that country.

The corporate tax rate in the company's own country is 20% and 25% tax depreciation allowances are available.

 

Which THREE of the following would be considered advantages of establishing the subsidiary in the foreign country?

Options:

A.

The corporate tax rate in the foreign country is 40%.

B.

There is a double tax treaty between the company's domestic country and the foreign country.

C.

Year 1 tax depreciation allowances of 100% are available in the foreign country.

D.

There are high customs duties payable on products entering the foreign country. 

E.

There are restrictions on companies wishing to remit profit from the foreign country.

Question 30

The long-term prospects for inflation in the UK and the USA are 1% and 4% per annum respectively.

The GBP/USD spot rate is currently GBP/USD1.40

Using purchasing power parity theory, what GBP/USD spot rate would you expect to see in six months’ time?

Options:

A.

GBP/USD1.38

B.

GBP/USD1.44

C.

GBP/USD1.42

D.

GBP/USD1.36

Question 31

A listed company is considering either a one-off special divided or a share repurchase scheme to reduce its surplus cash level.

Identify TWO advantages that a one-off special payment has over a share repurchase scheme.

Options:

A.

It will change balance of share owners.

B.

It will reduce the possibility of a hostile takeholder

C.

It allows shareholder a choice of option in or out of the payment.

D.

It is easier to arrange than a share repurchase

E.

It would result in a transfer of wealth back to the shareholder

Question 32

A listed company plans to raise $350 million to finance a major expansion programme.

The cash flow projections for the programme are subject to considerable variability.

Brief details of the programme have been public knowledge for a few weeks.

The directors are considering two financing options, either a rights issue at a 20% discount to current share price or a long term bond.

 

The following data is relevant:

  

The company's share price has fallen by 5% over the past 3 months compared with a fall in the market of 3% over the same period.

The directors favour the bond option.

However, the Chief Accountant has provided arguments for a rights issue.

 

Which TWO of the following arguments in favour of a right issue are correct?

Options:

A.

The issue of bonds might limit the availability of debt finance in the future.

B.

The recent fall in the share price makes a rights issue more attractive to the company.

C.

The rights issue will lead to less pressure on the operating cash flows of the programme.

D.

The WACC will decrease assuming Modigliani and Miller's Theory of Capital Structure without taxes applies.

E.

The administrative costs of a rights issue will be lower.

Question 33

A company needs to raise $20 million to finance a project.

It has decided on a rights issue at a discount of 20% to its current market share price.

There are currently 20 million shares in issue with a nominal value of $1 and a market price of $5 per share.

 

Calculate the terms of the rights issue.

Options:

A.

1 new share for every 4 existing shares

B.

1 new share for every 20 existing shares

C.

1 new share for every 5 existing shares

D.

1 new share for every 25 existing shares

Question 34

A company's current earnings before interest and taxation are $5 million.

These are expected to remain constant for the forseeable future.

The company has 10 million shares in issue which currently trade at $3.60.

It also has a $10 million long term floating rate loan.

The current interest rate on this loan is 5%.

The company pays tax at 20%.

The company expects interest rates to increase next year to 6% and it's Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio to move to 9.5 times by the end of next year.

 

What percentage reduction in the share price will occur by the end of next year if the interest rate increase and the P/E movement both occur?

Options:

A.

Reduction of 7%

B.

Reduction of 5%

C.

Reduction of 1%

D.

Reduction of 0%

Question 35

A company is planning a share repurchase programme with the following details:

   • Repurchased shares will be immediately cancelled.

   • The shares will be purchased at a premium to the market share price.

The current market share price is greater than the nominal value of the shares.

 

Which of the following statements about the impact of the share repurchase programme on the company's financial statements is correct? 

Options:

A.

The premium to the nominal value would be charged to retained earnings.

B.

The share capital figure would reduce by the nominal value of the shares purchased.

C.

The total value of the equity in its Statement of Financial Position would remain unchanged.

D.

The premium to the market value would be charged to the Income Statement.

Question 36

Which THREE of the following long term changes are most likely to increase the credit rating of a company?

Options:

A.

An increase in the interest cover ratio.

B.

A decrease in the (Net debt) / (Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation) ratio.

C.

An increase in the free cashflow generated from operations.

D.

A decrease in the (Book value of debt) / (Book value of equity) ratio.

E.

A decrease in the dividend cover ratio.

Question 37

A company wishes to raise additional debt finance and is assessing the impact this will have on key ratios. 

The following data currently applies:

   • Profit before interest and tax for the current year is $500,000

   • Long term debt of $300,000 at a fixed interest rate of 5%

   • 250,000 shares in issue with a share price of $8

The company plans to borrow an additional $200,000 on the first day of the year to invest in new project which will improve annual profit before interest and tax by $24,000.

The additional debt would carry an interest rate of 3%.

Assume the number of shares in issue remain constant but the share price will increase to $8.50 after the investment.

The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.

 

After the investment, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

Interest cover will fall; P/E ratio will fall.

B.

Interest cover will fall; P/E ratio will rise.

C.

Interest cover will rise; P/E ratio will rise.

D.

Interest cover will rise; P/E ratio will fall.

Question 38

Company WWW is identical in all operating and risk characteristics to Company ZZZ. but their capital structures differ. Company WWW and Company ZZZ both pay corporate income tax at 20%

Company WWW has a gearing ratio (debt: equity) of 1:3 Its pre-tax cost of debt is 6%.

Company ZZZ Is all-equity financed. Its cost of equity is 15%

What is the cost of equity tor Company WWW?

Options:

A.

17.0%

B.

18.0%

C.

17.4%

D.

17.7%

Question 39

A large, listed company is planning a major project that should greatly improve its share price in the long term.

These plans require a significant capital cost that the company plans to finance by debt.

All of the debt options being considered are for the same duration of time.

 

Which of the following sources of debt finance is likely to be the most expensive for the company over the full term of the debt?

Options:

A.

Bonds

B.

A finance lease

C.

Convertible bonds

D.

Bank loan

Question 40

Company A is planning to acquire Company B. Both companies are listed and are of similar size based on market capitalisation No approach has yet been made to Company B's shareholders as the directors of Company A are undecided about the most suitable method of financing the offer Two methods are under consideration a share exchange or a cash offer financed by debt.

Company A currently has a gearing ratio (debt to debt plus equity) of 30% based on market values. The average gearing ratio (debt to debt plus equity) for the industry is 50% Although no formal offer has been made there have been market rumours of the proposed bid. which is seen as favorable to Company A. As a consequence. Company As share price has risen over the past few weeks while Company B's share price has fallen.

Which THREE of the following statements are most likely to be correct?

Options:

A.

Based on current share price movements, a share exchange would mean Company A has to issue fewer shares to acquire Company B than it would have done a few weeks ago

B.

Company B's shareholders will be able to participate in the future growth of the combined business if it is a share exchange

C.

The method of finance chosen will not affect the post-acquisition earning per share of the combined business

D.

Company A's weighted average cost of capital will fall if financing is with debt

E.

Company A's gearing will increase following a share exchange.

Question 41

AA is considering changing its capital structure. The following information is currently relevant to AA:

The gearing rating raising the new debt finance will be 50%.

Which THREE of the following statement about the impact of AA’s change in capital structure are true under Modigliani and Miler’s capital structure theory with tax.

Options:

A.

The cost of debt will increase above 4%

B.

The WACC will decrease below 7.6%

C.

The cost of equity will increase above 10%

D.

The cost of equity will decrease below 10%

E.

The WACC increase above 7.6

F.

The cost of debt remain unchanged at 4%

Question 42

WW is a quoted manufacturing company. The Finance Director has addressed the shareholders during WW's annual general meeting-She has told the shareholders that WW raised equity during the year and used the funds to repay a large loan that was maturing, thereby reducing WW's gearing ratio

At the conclusion of the Finance Director's speech one of the shareholders complained that it had been foolish for WW to have used equity to repay debt The shareholder argued that the Modigliani and Miller model (with tax) offers proof that debt is cheaper than equity when companies pay tax on their profits.

Which THREE arguments could the Finance Director have used in response to the shareholder?

Options:

A.

A lower gearing ratio will result in an increase in the value of the company

B.

WW was approaching a debt covenant limit and it was therefore important to reduce gearing.

C.

A lower gearing ratio creates greater flexibility for WW in the future

D.

The shareholder was confusing the cost of capital with shareholder wealth

E.

Reducing the gearing ratio has reduced the financial risk of WW which will benefit shareholders

F.

The Modigliani and Miller model would only be valid in practice if WW's shareholders were aware of the model and believed in its validity

Question 43

Three companies are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange. The following data applies:

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Options:

A.

Company A has the greatest business risk

B.

Companies A and B have the same capital structure

C.

Companies A and C have the same business risk

D.

Companies A and B have the same business risk

Question 44

Company Z has identified four potential acquisition targets: companies A, B, C and D.

Company Z has a current equity market value of $590 million.

The price it would have to pay for the equity of each company is as follows:

Only one of the target companies can be acquired and the consideration will be paid in cash.

The following estimations of the new combined value of Company Z have been prepared for each acquisition before deduction of the cash consideration:

Ignoring any premium paid on acquisition, which acquisition should the directors pursue?

Options:

A.

A

B.

B

C.

C

D.

D

Question 45

A company is deciding whether to offer a scrip dividend or a cash dividend to its shareholders. 

Although the company has excellent long-term growth prospects, it is experiencing short-term profit and cash flow problems.

 

Which of the following statements is most likely to be a reason for choosing the scrip dividend?

Options:

A.

It is a way of raising additional finance to promote future growth.

B.

It is a way of increasing earnings per share.

C.

It is a way of encouraging shareholders to allow cash to be retained in the business.

D.

It is a way of increasing dividend per share.

Question 46

A large multi-divisional company in the food processing and distribution business is conducting a strategic review.  The divisions all compete in the same market.

 

The sale of one of its underperforming food processing divisions to the divisional management team is currently being considered. The purchase by the divisional management team will require venture capital finance.

 

Which THREE of the following are likely to influence the multi-divisional company's decision on whether or not to sell the under-performing division to the management team?

Options:

A.

The divisional management team has detailed confidential information about the operation of the other divisions.

B.

The divisional management team has skills and experience that are important for the future successful operation of other divisions.

C.

The ability of the management team to raise the finance required to complete the purchase of the division at a reasonable price.

D.

The quality of the management team and its ability to manage the divested division successfully.

E.

The specific conditions imposed on the management team by the venture capital provider. 

Question 47

A project requires an initial outlay of $2 million which can be financed with either a bank loan or finance lease.

The company will be responsible for annual maintenance under either option.

 

The tax regime is:

   • Tax depreciation allowances can be claimed on purchased assets.

   • If leased using a finance lease, tax relief can be claimed on the interest element of the lease payments and also on the accounting depreciation charge.

The trainee management accountant has begun evaluating the lease versus buy decision and has produced the following data.  He is not confident that all this information is relevant to this decision.

  

 

Using only the relevant data, which of the following is correct?

Options:

A.

The bank loan is $30,000 MORE expensive than the finance lease.

B.

The bank loan is $20,000 LESS expensive than the finance lease.

C.

The bank loan is $70,000 LESS expensive than the finance lease.

D.

The bank loan is $120,000 LESS expensive than the finance lease.

Question 48

ART manufactures traditional scooters. It has an equity beta of 1.4 and is financed entirely by equity. It plans to continue to be all-equity financed in future.

It is considering producing a range of electric scooters

GGG is a comparable quoted electric scooter manufacturer GGG has an equity beta of 2 4 reflecting its high level of gearing (the ratio of debt to equity is VI using market values).

The risk-free rate is 5%, and the market premium is 6%. The rate of corporation tax is 20%

What is the recommended discount rate that ART should use to assess the project to manufacture electric scooters?

Options:

Question 49

An unlisted company wishes to obtain an estimated value for its shares in anticipation of a private sale of a large parcel of shares.

 

Relevant data for the unlisted company:

   • It has a residual dividend policy. 

   • It has earnings that are highly sensitive to underlying economic conditions.

   • It is a small business in a large industry where there are listed companies but there are none with a similar capital structure. 

 

The company intends to base valuations on the cost of equity of a proxy company after adjusting for any differences in capital structure where appropriate.

 

Which of the following methods is likely to give the most accurate equity value for this unlisted company?

Options:

A.

Dividend valuation model.

B.

Discounted cash flow analysis at WACC based on free cash flow to equity. 

C.

Net asset valuation.

D.

P/E based valuation using the P/E of a similar listed company in the same industry.

Question 50

An unlisted company is attempting to value its equity using the dividend valuation model.

Relevant information is as follows:

   • A dividend of $500,000 has just been paid.

   • Dividend growth of 8% is expected for the foreseeable future.

   • Earnings growth of 6% is expected for the foreseeable future.

   • The cost of equity of a proxy listed company is 15%.

   • The risk premium required due to the company being unlisted is 3%.

The calculation that has been performed is as follows:

Equity value = $540,000 / (0.18 - 0.08) = $5,400,000

What is the fault with the calculation that has been performed?

Options:

A.

The cost of equity used in the calculation should have been 12% (15% subtract 3%).

B.

The dividend cashflow used should have been $500,000 rather than $540,000.

C.

The dividend growth rate is unsuitable given that earning growth is lower than dividend growth.

D.

The cost of equity used in the calculation should have been 15%; no adjustment was necessary.

Question 51

The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) was formed in August 2010 and brings together a cross-section of representatives from a wide variety of business sectors.

 The primary purpose of the IIRC's framework is to help enable an organsation to communicate how it:

Options:

A.

minimises the environmental impact of its business processes.

B.

creates value in the short, medium and long term.

C.

contributes positively to the economic well being of the environment in which it operates.  

D.

ensures that the conflicting needs of different stakeholder groups are met in an optimal manner.

Question 52

A company wishes to raise additional debt finance and is assessing the impact this will have on key ratios. 

The following data currently applies:

   • Profit before interest and tax for the current year is $500,000

   • Long term debt of $300,000 at a fixed interest rate of 5%

   • 250,000 shares in issue with a share price of $8

The company plans to borrow an additional $200,000 on the first day of the year to invest in new project which will improve annual profit before interest and tax by $24,000.

The additional debt would carry an interest rate of 3%.

Assume the number of shares in issue remain constant but the share price will increase to $8.50 after the investment.

The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.

 

After the investment, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

Interest cover will fall; P/E ratio will fall.

B.

Interest cover will fall; P/E ratio will rise.

C.

Interest cover will rise; P/E ratio will rise.

D.

Interest cover will rise; P/E ratio will fall.

Question 53

Company M is a geared company whose equity has a market value of $1,500 million and debt has a market value of S300 million. The company plans to issue $200 million of new shares and use the funds raised to pay off some of the debt

Company M currently has a cost of equity of 13% and a WACC of 10% It pays corporate tax at the rate of 30% Company B, an ungeared company operating in the same business sector as Company M, has a cost of equity of 12%

Assume Modigliani and Miller's theory of capital structure with tax applies

Which calculation below shows the correct approach to calculating the new WACC following the planned changes in capital structure?

A

B

C

D

Options:

Question 54

RR has agreed to sell goods to XX for S20.000 XX will pay when the goods are delivered in 6 months time. RR's home currency is the £- The current exchange rate is 4.3 £/S. The projected inflation rate for the S is 2.8%, and for the E 4 6%.

When RR receives payment for its goods, what will the value be to the nearest pound?

Options:

A.

£87.506

B.

£85,243

C.

£86 760

D.

£84.520

Question 55

A company is planning a new share issue.

The funds raised will be used to repay debt on which it is currently paying a high interest rate.

Operating profit and dividends are expected to remain unchanged in the near future.

If the share issue is implemented, which THREE of the following are most likely to increase?

Options:

A.

The cost of equity

B.

The number of shares in issue

C.

Next year's payment of corporate income tax

D.

The gearing (book value of debt as a percentage of the book value of equity + debt)

E.

Interest cover

Question 56

On 31 October 20X3:

   • A company expected to agree a foreign currency transaction in January 20X4 for settlement on 31 March 20X4.  

   • The company hedged the currency risk using a forward contract at nil cost for settlement on 31 March 20X4.

   • The transaction was correctly treated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.

On 31 December 20X3, the financial year end, the fair value of the forward contract was $10,000 (asset).

 

How should the increase in the fair value of the forward contract be treated within the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 20X3?

Options:

A.

Not recognised in 20X3 as the forward contract is not settled until after the year end.

B.

Not recognised in 20X3 as the gain will be offset by a loss on the hedged transaction.

C.

A $10,000 profit will be recognised within the Income Statement.

D.

A $10,000 profit will be recognised within other comprehensive income.

Question 57

Company A operates in country A with the AS as its functional currency. Company A expects to receive BS500.000 in 6 months' time from a customer in Country B which uses the B$.

Company A intends to hedge the currency risk using a money market hedge

The following information is relevant:

What is the AS value of the BS expected receipt in 6 months' time under a money market hedge?

Options:

A.

AS32, 532

B.

AS31, 790

C.

AS32, 051

D.

AS31, 482

Question 58

Company A is identical in all operating and risk characteristics to Company B, but their capital structures differ.

Company B is all-equity financed. Its cost of equity is 17%.

Company A has a gearing ratio (debt:equity) of 1:2. Its pre-tax cost of debt is 7%. 

Company A and Company B both pay corporate income tax at 30%.

What is the cost of equity for Company A?

Options:

A.

20.5%

B.

21.2%

C.

22.0%

D.

17.0%

Question 59

Which of the following statements best describes a residual dividend policy?

Options:

A.

Dividends are paid only after the on-going operational needs of the business have been met.

B.

Dividends are paid only if no further positive NPV projects are available.

C.

All surplus earnings are invested back into the business.

D.

Dividends are paid at a constant rate.

Question 60

The Board of Directors of a small listed company engaged in exploration are currently considering the future dividend policy of the company. Exploration is considered a high-risk business and consequently the company has a low level of debt finance.

 

Forecasts indicate a period of profit fluctuation in the next few years as the company is planning to embark on a major capital investment project. Debt finance is unlikely to be available due to the project's high business risk.

 

Which THREE of the following are practical considerations when determining the company's dividend/retention policy? 

Options:

A.

The timing and size of the cash flow requirements for the new investment.

B.

The fluctuating nature of the projected future profits.

C.

The legislation and regulation governing distributable profits.

D.

The dividend policies of mature listed multinational companies in the exploration industry. 

E.

The general level of interest rates and the tax savings on interest costs relating to debt finance.

Question 61

A company is undertaking a lease-or-buy evaluation, using the post-tax cost of bank borrowing as the discount rate.

 

Details of the two alternatives are as follows:

 

Buy option:

   • To be financed by a bank loan

   • Tax depreciation allowances are available on a reducing-balance basis

   • Assets depreciated on a straight-line basis

Lease option:

   • Finance lease

   • Maintenance to be paid by the lessee

   • Tax relief available on interest payments and book depreciation

Which THREE of the following are relevant cashflows in the lease-or-buy appraisal?

Options:

A.

Tax relief on tax depreciation allowances

B.

Bank loan payments

C.

Maintenance payments

D.

Lease payments

E.

Tax relief on the book depreciation

Question 62

For which THREE of the following risk categories does IFRS 7 require sensitivity analysis? 

Options:

A.

Currency risk

B.

Liquidity risk

C.

Interest rate risk

D.

Commodity risk

E.

Credit risk

F.

Supply chain risk

Question 63

PYP is a listed courier company. It is looking to raise new finance to fit each of its delivery vans with new equipment to allow improved parcel tracking for customers The senior management team of PYP have decided on a 10-year secured bond to finance this investment-

Which TWO of the following variables are most likely to decrease the yield to maturity of the bond?

Options:

A.

Changing the term of the bond from 1 0 years to 5 years to match the expected life of the new equipment

B.

The announcement of a new contract for PYP that will increase operating profits by 5°/o over the next 5 years.

C.

The senior management team decide to issue a convertible bond rather than a conventional bond

D.

The senior management team decide to issue an unsecured bond rather than a secured bond

Question 64

An unlisted company:

  • Is owned by the original founder and member of their families.
  • Is growing more rapidly than other companies in the same industry.
  • Pays a fixed annual divided

Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate to value this company’s equity?

Options:

A.

P/E ratio of a listed company in the same industry.

B.

Divided valuation method.

C.

Asset based approach including intangibles.

D.

Discounted cash flow analysis based on forecast future free cash flows.

Question 65

Which of the following would be a reason for a company to adopt a low dividend pay-out policy?

Options:

A.

High profitability

B.

A lack of alternative sources of finance

C.

A lack of investment opportunities

D.

Using dividends to give a signal to the stock market

Question 66

A venture capitalist invests in a company by means of buying:

   • 9 million shares for $2 a share and

   • 8% bonds with a nominal value of $2 million, repayable at par in 3 years' time. 

The venture capitalist expects a return on the equity portion of the investment of at least 20% a year on a compound basis over the first 3 years of the investment.

 

The company has 10 million shares in issue.

 

What is the minimum total equity value for the company in 3 years' time required to satisify the venture capitalist's expected return?

 

Give your answer to the nearest $ million.

 

$   million.   

 

Options:

Question 67

The following information relates to Company A's current capital structure:

  

Company A is considering a change in the capital structure that will increase gearing to 30:70 (Debt:Equity). 

 

The risk -free rate is 3% and the return on the market portfolio is expected to be 10%.

The rate of corporate tax is 25%

 

Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, calculate the cost of equity resulting from the proposed change to the capital structure.

Options:

A.

11.4%

B.

12.3%

C.

9.3%

D.

10.1%

Question 68

Company GDD plans to acquire Company HGG, an unlisted company which has been in business for 3 years.

Company HGG has incurred losses in its first 3 years but is expected to become highly profitable in the near future

There are no listed companies in the country operating in the same business field as Company HGG The future success of Company HGG's business and hence the future growth rate in earnings and dividends is difficult to determine

Company GDD is assessing the validity of using the dividend growth method to value Company HGG

Which THREE of the following are weaknesses of using the dividend growth model to value an unlisted company such as Company HGG?

Options:

A.

The future growth rate in earnings and dividends will be difficult to accurately determine

B.

The future projected dividend stream is used as the basis for the valuation

C.

The company has been unprofitable to date and hence, there is no established dividend payment pattern

D.

The dividend growth model does not take the time value of money into consideration

E.

The cost of capital will be difficult to estimate

Question 69

A company is considering whether to lease or buy an asset.

The following data applies:

   • The bank will charge interest at 7.14% per annum

   • The asset will cost $1 million

   • Tax-allowable depreciation is available on a straight line basis over 5 years

   • There is no residual value

   • Corporate tax is paid at 30% in the year when the profit is earned

What is the NPV of the buy option?

 

Give your answer to the nearest $000.

 

$ ?  

Options:

Question 70

A company is owned by its five directors who want to sell the business.  

Current profit after tax is $750,000.  

The directors are currently paid minimal salaries, taking most of their incomes as dividends.

After the company is sold, directors' salaries will need to be increased by $50,000 each year in total.

A suitable Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio is 7, and the rate of corporate tax is 20%.

What is the value of the company using a P/E valuation?

Options:

A.

$4,900,000

B.

$5,250,000

C.

$5,530,000

D.

$4,970,000

Question 71

Company ADE is an unlisted company; it needs to raise a significant amount of finance to fund future expansion. The directors are considering listing the company on the local stock exchange The following discussions have taken place between some of the directors:

Director A - We consider a public issue of bonds in the capital markets, we don't need to list to issue the bonds which will save time and money.

Director B - We should list on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) and not the main market to avoid any regulatory requirements

Director C - We should remain unlisted; we can access an unlimited amount of equity finance through a rights issue

Director D - Listing will increase Company ADE's ability to raise new equity and debt finance in the future.

Director E - If we list, Company ADE will be a more likely target for a takeover than if we remain unlisted.

Which TWO of the directors' statements are correct?

Options:

A.

Director A

B.

Director B

C.

Director C

D.

Director D

E.

Director E

Question 72

Under traditional theory, an increase in a company's WACC would cause the value of the company to:

Options:

A.

Increase

B.

Decrease

C.

Stay the same

D.

Either increase or decrease 

Question 73

H Company has a fixed rate load at 10.0%, but wishes to swap to variable. It can borrow at LIBOR 8%.

The bank is currently quoting swap rates of 3.1% (bid) and 3.5% (ask).

What net rate will HHH Company pay if it enters into the swap?

Options:

A.

Risk-free rate +6.5%

B.

Risk-free rate +8%

C.

Risk-free rate +6.9%

D.

Risk-free rate +3.1%

Question 74

A company has a covenant on its 5% long-term bond, stipulating that its retained earnings must not fall below $2 million.

The company has 100 million shares in issue.

Its most recent dividend was $0.045 per share. It has committed to grow the dividend per share by 4% each year.

The nominal value of the bond is $60 million. It is currently trading at 80% of its nominal value.

Next year's earnings before interest and taxation are projected to be $11.25 million.

The rate of corporate tax is 20%.

 

If the company increases the dividend by 4%, advise the Board of Directors if the level of retained earnings will comply with the covenant?

Options:

A.

Covenant is not breached as retained earnings = $2.40 million.

B.

Covenant is not breached as retained earnings = $2.10 million.

C.

Covenant is breached as retained earnings = $1.92 million.

D.

The covenant is not breached as retained earnings = $4.68 million.

Question 75

A company based in Country D, whose currency is the D$, has an objective of maintaining an operating profit margin of at least 10% each year. 

 

Relevant data:

   • The company makes sales to Country E whose currency is the E$. It also makes sales to Country F whose currency is the F$. 

   • All purchases are from Country G whose currency is the G$.

   • The settlement of all transactions is in the currency of the customer or supplier.

 

Which of the following changes would be most likely to help the company achieve its objective?

Options:

A.

The D$ strengthens against the E$ over time. 

B.

The F$ weakens against the D$ over time.

C.

The D$ strengthens against the G$ over time.

D.

The D$ weakens against the G$ over time.

Question 76

A listed company has recently announced a profit warning.

 

The company's share price fell 20% on the day of the announcement but had been fairly static in the weeks leading up to the announcement.

 

Which form of efficient market is most likely to be indicated by this share price movement?

Options:

A.

Weak form

B.

Semi-strong form

C.

Strong form

D.

Random walk

Question 77

A company based in Country D, whose currency is the D$, has an objective of maintaining an operating profit margin of at least 10% each year. 

 

Relevant data:

   • The company makes sales to Country E whose currency is the E$. It also makes sales to Country F whose currency is the F$. 

   • All purchases are from Country G whose currency is the G$.

   • The settlement of all transactions is in the currency of the customer or supplier.

 

Which of the following changes would be most likely to help the company achieve its objective?

Options:

A.

The D$ strengthens against the E$ over time. 

B.

The F$ weakens against the D$ over time.

C.

The D$ strengthens against the G$ over time.

D.

The D$ weakens against the G$ over time.

Question 78

When valuing an unlisted company, a P/E ratio for a similar listed company may be used but adjustments to the P/E ratio may be necessary.

 

Which THREE of the following factors would justify a reduction in the proxy p/e ratio before use? 

Options:

A.

The relative lack of marketability of unlisted company shares.

B.

A lower level of scrutiny and regulation for unlisted companies.

C.

Unlisted companies being generally smaller and less established.

D.

Control premium not being included within the proxy p/e ratio used.

E.

The forecast earnings growth being relatively higher in the unlisted company.

F.

A profit item within the unlisted company's latest earnings which will not reoccur.

Question 79

Company A is a listed company that produces pottery goods which it sells throughout Europe. The pottery is then delivered to a network of self employed artists who are contracted to paint the pottery in their own homes. Finished goods are distributed by network of sales agents.The directors of Company A are now considering acquiring one or more smaller companies by means of vertical integration to improve profit margins.

Advise the Board of Company A which of the following acquisitions is most likely to achieve the stated aim of vertical integration?

Options:

A.

A company in a similar market to Company A.

B.

A pottery factory in the Middle East.

C.

A company that produces accessories.

D.

A listed international logistics firm.

Question 80

A private company was formed five years ago and is currently owned and managed by its five founders. The founders, who each own the same number of shares have generally co-operated effectively but there have also been a number of areas where they have disagreed

The company has grown significantly over this period by re-investing its earnings into new investments which have produced excellent returns

The founders are now considering an Initial Public Offering by listing 70% of the shares on the local stock exchange

Which THREE of the following statements about the advantages of a listing are valid?

Options:

A.

Reduces agency conflict

B.

Increases dividend payouts

C.

Helps access to wider sources of finance.

D.

Provides an exit route for the founders

E.

Increases the profile and reputation of the business.

Question 81

The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) was formed in August 2010 and brings together a cross-section of representatives from a wide variety of business sectors.

 

The primary purpose of the IIRC's framework is to help enable an organsation to communicate how it:

Options:

A.

minimises the environmental impact of its business processes.

B.

creates value in the short, medium and long term.

C.

contributes positively to the economic well being of the environment in which it operates.  

D.

ensures that the conflicting needs of different stakeholder groups are met in an optimal manner.

Question 82

A listed company has suffered a period of falling revenues and profit margins. It has been obliged to issue a profit warning to the market and its share price has fallen sharply. The company relies heavily on debt finance and is discussing with its banks possible refinancing options to assist with a restructuring programme.

 

Which THREE of the following are likely to be of MOST interest to the company's banks when they review the refinancing requests?

Options:

A.

Cash flow forecasts

B.

Current capital structure

C.

Trends in share price movements

D.

Shareholder profile

E.

Book value of assets

Question 83

An all equity financed company reported earnings for the year ending 31 December 20X1 of $5 million.

One of its financial objectives is to increase earnings by 5% each year.

In the year ending 31 December 20X2 it financed a project by issuing a bond with a $1 million nominal value and a coupon rate of 7%.

The company pays corporate income tax at 30%.

 

If the company is to achieve its earnings target for the year ending 31 December 20X2, what is the minimum operating profit (profit before interest and tax) that it must achieve?

Options:

A.

$5.25 million

B.

$7.50 million

C.

$7.57 million

D.

$8.40 million

Question 84

JAG and ZEB are two listed companies. JAG is approximately 20 times the size of ZEB.

10 days ago JAG made a hostile bid for ZEB. offering a share exchange.

The bid price represents a 10% profit to the shareholders of ZEB at today's market prices to reflect the high levels of synergistic benefits that JAG expects to realise from the transaction.

Which of the following is the greatest future threat to the post-transaction value for JAG?

Options:

A.

Forecast synergistic benefits are not realised.

B.

New shareholders acquired from ZEB demand a higher dividend payout than JAG is used to.

C.

Negative market response to the bid.

D.

New shareholders acquired from ZEB withdraw their investment by selling their shares within 12 months.

Question 85

SUP is a large supermarket chain. It produces many 'own brand' goods in Country S where the parent company is located. These goods are sold in SUP's supermarkets in Country S as well as being sold at a 'transfer price' to SUP companies located in foreign countries for sale in the SUP supermarkets located in that country.

Which of the following factors is the most important for SUP from a lax planning and compliance viewpoint when setting prices for the 'own brand' goods sold to other group companies'?

Options:

A.

Complying with tax thin capitalisation regulations that apply in both tax jurisdictions.

B.

The price should be higher than for other group companies if the group company that is purchasing the goods has a higher marginal tax rate than the SUP parent company.

C.

The price should be much lower than average if the group company that is purchasing the goods has a higher marginal tax rate than the SUP parent company.

D.

The price should be the same as the price that would be charged by SUP to other, independent, supermarkets that are located in the same foreign country as the group company that requires the goods.

Question 86

A company is deciding whether to offer a scrip dividend or a cash dividend to its shareholders. 

Although the company has excellent long-term growth prospects, it is experiencing short-term profit and cash flow problems.

 

Which of the following statements is most likely to be a reason for choosing the scrip dividend?

Options:

A.

It is a way of raising additional finance to promote future growth.

B.

It is a way of increasing earnings per share.

C.

It is a way of encouraging shareholders to allow cash to be retained in the business.

D.

It is a way of increasing dividend per share.

Question 87

An all equity financed company plans an issue of new ordinary shares to the general public to raise finance for a new project

The following data applies:

• 10 million ordinary shares are currently in issue with a market value of S3 each share

• The new project will cost S2.88 million and is expected to give a positive NPV of S1 million

• The issue will be priced at a AaA discount to the current share price.

What gam or loss per share will accrue to the existing shareholders?

Options:

A.

Gain of 0.18

B.

Loss of $0.08

C.

Gain of $0.08

D.

Loss of $0.18

Question 88

A company plans to cut its dividend but is concerned that the share price will fall.  This demonstrates the _____________  effect

Options:

Question 89

A company needs to raise $40 million to finance a project. It has decided on a right issue at a discount of 20% to its current market share price.

There are currently 20 million shares in issue with a nominal value of $1 and a market price of $10.00 per share.

Options:

A.

1 new share for every 25 existing shares

B.

1 new share for every 4 existing shares

C.

1 new share for every 5 existing shares

D.

1 new share for every 20 existing shares

Question 90

The Board of Directors of a listed company have decided that it needs to increase its equity capital to ensure it is in a more stable financial position.

The shareholder profile is a mix of institutional and individual small shareholders.

The board is considering either:

   • A scrip dividend 

   • A zero dividend

 

Which THREE of the following would be considered disadvantages of a scrip dividend compared to a zero dividend?

Options:

A.

A scrip dividend results in distributable reserves being moved to non-distributable reserves.

B.

A scrip dividend will dilute the control of current shareholders.

C.

A scrip dividend results in more shares in issue which will create an expectation for future dividends.

D.

There will be company secretarial and additional administration involved with a scrip dividend.

E.

A scrip issue may give shareholders the impression that they are receiving something of value.

Question 91

A company in country T is considering either exporting its product directly to customers in country P or establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in country P.

The corporate tax rate in country T is 20% and 25% tax depreciation allowances are available

Which TIIRCC of the following would be considered advantages of establishing a subsidiary in country T?

Options:

A.

The corporate tsx rate in country P is 40%.

B.

There are restrictions on companies wishing to remit profit from country P

C.

Year 1 tax depreciation allowances of 100% are available in country P.

D.

There is a double tax treaty between country T and country P.

E.

There are high customs cuties payable of products entering country P.

Question 92

Company AAB is located in country A whose currency is the AS It has a subsidiary, BBA, located m country B that has the BS as its currency AAB has asked BBA to pay BS40 million surplus funds to AAB to assist with a planned new capital investment in country A The exchange rate today is AS1 = BS3

Tax regimes

• Company BBA pays withholding tax of 25% on all cash remitted to the parent company

• Company AAB pays tax of 10% on at cash received from its subsidiary

How much will company AAB have available for investment after receiving the surplus funds from BBA?

Options:

A.

A$ 12 million

B.

A$ 9 million

C.

A$ 81 million

D.

A$ 27 million

Question 93

Companies L. M N and O:

• are based in a country that uses the RS as its currency

• have an objective to grow operating profit year on year

• have the same total levels of revenue and cost

• trade with companies or individuals in the United States. All import and export trade with companies or individuals in the United States is priced in US$.

Typical import/export trade for each company in a year are as follows:

Which company's growth objective is most sensitive to a movement in the USS / RS exchange rate?

Options:

A.

Company L

B.

Company M

C.

Company N

D.

Company O

Question 94

Company A plans to acquire Company B.

Both firms operate as wholesalers in the fashion industry, supplying a wide range of ladies' clothing shops.

Company A sources mainly from the UK, Company B imports most of its supplies from low-income overseas countries.

Significant synergies are expected in management costs and warehousing, and in economies of bulk purchasing.

 

Which of the following is likely to be the single most important issue facing Company A in post-merger integration?

Options:

A.

Identifying and removing surplus staff.

B.

Understanding the management information system of the acquired firm.

C.

Discussions with representatives from key customer accounts.

D.

Discussions with anti-poverty campaigning groups.

Question 95

A large, listed company in the food and household goods industry needs to raise $50 million for a period of up to 6 months.

It has an excellent credit rating and there is almost no risk of the company defaulting on the borrowings. The company already has a commercial paper programme in place and has a good relationship with its bank.

 

Which of the following is likely to be the most cost effective method of borrowing the money?

Options:

A.

Bank overdraft

B.

6 month term loan

C.

Treasury Bills

D.

Commercial paper

Question 96

A company has in a 5% corporate bond in issue on which there are two loan covenants.

   • Interest cover must not fall below 3 times

   • Retained earnings for the year must not fall below $3.5 million

The Company has 200 million shares in issue.

The most recent dividend per share was $0.04.

The Company intends increasing dividends by 10% next year.

 

Financial projections for next year are as follows:

 

Advise the Board of Directors which of the following will be the status of compliance with the loan covenants next year?

Options:

A.

The company will be in compliance with both covenants.

B.

The company will be in breach of both covenants.

C.

The company will breach the covenant in respect of retained earnings only.

D.

The company will be in breach of the covenant in respect of interest cover only.

Question 97

Company C has received an unwelcome takeover bid from Company P.

Company P is approximately twice the size of Company C based on market capitalisation.

Although the two companies have some common business interests, the main aim of the bid is diversification for Company P.

The offer from Company P is a share exchange of 2 shares in Company P for 3 shares in Company C.

There is a cash alternative of $5.50 for each Company C share.

Company C has substantial cash balances which the directors were planning to use to fund an acquisition.

These plans have not been announced to the market.

 

The following share price information is relevant. All prices are in $.

  

 

Which of the following would be the most appropriate action by Company C's directors following receipt of this hostile bid?

Options:

A.

Write to shareholders explaining fully why the company's share price is undervalued.

B.

Change the Articles of Association to increase the percentage of shareholder votes required to approve a takeover.

C.

Pay a one-off special dividend.

D.

Refer the bid to the country's competition authorities.

Question 98

KKL is a listed sports clothing company with three separate business units. KKL is seeking to sell TT’, one of these business units

TTP cwns a new. brand of trail running shoes that have Droved hugely popular with lone distance runners. The management team of TTP are frustrated by the constraints imposes b/ KKL in managing tie brand and developing. the bus ness and they believe that TTF has huge growth potential.

The management team of TTP have approached KKL with a proposal to purchase 1~P through a management layout (MDO). KKL has accepted this proposal as TTP has not proved to be a good fit' with the rest of the business and has agreed on the selling price.

Which THREE of the following factors a-e mast Likely to affect the success of the MBO?

Options:

A.

The motivation of the TTP management team to invest in future growth.

B.

Searing sufficient. funding for the MBO.

C.

The constraints imposed by KKL managing TTF's brand.

D.

The ability of the TTF management team to take over the head office functions successfully.

E.

The ability the TTP management team to develop the brand and achieve the expected growth.

Question 99

A listed company in a high technology industry has decided to value its intellectual capital using the Calculated Intangible Value method (CIV).

 

Relevant data for the company:

   • Pays corporate income tax at 30%

   • Cost of equity is 9%, pre-tax cost of debt is 7% and the WACC is 8%

   • The value spread has been calculated as $26 million

Calculate the CIV for the company.

Options:

A.

228 million

B.

289 million

C.

531 million

D.

325 million

Question 100

The ex div share price of Company A’s shares is $.3.50

An investor in Company A currently holds 2,000 shares.

Company A plans to issue a script divided of 1 new shares for every 10 shares currently held.

After the scrip divided, what will be the total wealth of the shareholder?

Give your answer to the nearest whole $.

Options:

Question 101

Extracts from a company's profit forecast for the next financial year as follows:

  

Since preparing the forecast, the company has decided to return surplus cash to shareholders by a share repurchase arrangement.

The share repurchase would result in the company purchasing 20% of the 1,250 million ordinary shares currently in issue and canceling them.

 

Assuming the share repurchase went ahead, the impact on the company's forecast earnings per share will be an increase of:

Options:

A.

$0.100

B.

$0.125

C.

$0.175

D.

$0.200

Question 102

Which THREE of the following would be most important if a hospital wishes to review the effectiveness of its services?

Options:

A.

The proportion of surgical procedures that are deemed to be successful.

B.

Average waiting times for treatment.

C.

Patient satisfaction ratings.

D.

Staff costs compared to previous years. 

E.

Revenue generated from car park charges. 

Question 103

The two founding directors of an unlisted geared company want to establish its value as they are intending to approach a venture capitalist for additional funding.

The funding will be used to invest in a major new project which has very high growth potential. The directors intend to sell 10% of the company to the venture capitalist They have prepared the following current valuation of the company using the divided valuation model:

The following information is relevant.

• $60,000 is the most recent dividend paid.

• 4% is the average dividend growth over the last few years.

• 10% is an estimate of the company's cost of equity using the CAPM model with the industry average asset beta

Which THREE of the following are weaknesses of the valuation method used in these circumstances?

Options:

A.

The industry average asset beta is not an appropriate beta to use in CAPM in this case.

B.

The company is unlikely to achieve constant growth in dividends year-on-year.

C.

Future dividend growth is unlikely to reflect historical dividend growth.

D.

It is not an appropriate valuation method for a small, 10% equity stake

E.

CAPM cannot be used to estimate the cost of equity of an unlisted company.

Question 104

Company A plans to acquire Company B, an unlisted company which has been in business for 3 years.

It has incurred losses in its first 3 years but is expected to become highly profitable in the near future.

No listed companies in the country operate the same business field as Company B, a unique new high-risk business process.

The future success of the process and hence the future growth rate in earnings and dividends is difficult to determine.

Company A is assessing the validity of using the dividend growth method to value Company B.

 Which THREE of the following are weaknesses of using the dividend growth model to value an unlisted company such as Company HHG?

Options:

A.

The company has been unprofitable to date and hence, there is no established dividend payment pattern.

B.

The future projected dividend stream is used as the basis for the valuation.

C.

The future growth rate in earnings and dividends will be difficult to accurately determine. 

D.

The dividend growth model does not take the time value of money into consideration.

E.

The cost of capital will be difficult to estimate. 

Question 105

On 31 October 20X3:

   • A company expected to agree a foreign currency transaction in January 20X4 for settlement on 31 March 20X4.  

   • The company hedged the currency risk using a forward contract at nil cost for settlement on 31 March 20X4.

   • The transaction was correctly treated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.

On 31 December 20X3, the financial year end, the fair value of the forward contract was $10,000 (asset).

 

How should the increase in the fair value of the forward contract be treated within the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 20X3?

Options:

A.

Not recognised in 20X3 as the forward contract is not settled until after the year end.

B.

Not recognised in 20X3 as the gain will be offset by a loss on the hedged transaction.

C.

A $10,000 profit will be recognised within the Income Statement.

D.

A $10,000 profit will be recognised within other comprehensive income.

Question 106

A company has in a 5% corporate bond in issue on which there are two loan covenants.

   • Interest cover must not fall below 3 times

   • Retained earnings for the year must not fall below $3.5 million

The Company has 200 million shares in issue.

The most recent dividend per share was $0.04.

The Company intends increasing dividends by 10% next year.

 

Financial projections for next year are as follows:

 

Advise the Board of Directors which of the following will be the status of compliance with the loan covenants next year?

Options:

A.

The company will be in compliance with both covenants.

B.

The company will be in breach of both covenants.

C.

The company will breach the covenant in respect of retained earnings only.

D.

The company will be in breach of the covenant in respect of interest cover only.

Question 107

Company AD is planning to acquire Company DC. It is evaluating two methods of structuring the terms of the bid, which will be ether a debt-funded cash offer or a share exchange

The following Information is relevant

• The two companies are of similar size and in related industries

• AB's gearing ratio measured as debt to debt plus equity, is currently 30% based on market values. This Is the company's optimum capital structure set to reflect the risk appetite of shareholders.

• The combined company is expected to generate savings and synergies

Which THREE of the following are advantages to AB's shareholders of a debt-funded cash offer compared with a share exchange?

Options:

A.

Shareholder control will remain with AB’s current shareholders

B.

More of the synergistic benefits of the acquisition will accrue to AB's current shareholders.

C.

Gearing will increase.

D.

EPS Mil Increase

E.

WACC will increase f credit worthless falls too low, further increasing the returns to shareholders.

Question 108

A company is considering the issue of a convertible bond compared to a straight bond issue (non-convertible bond).

Director A is concerned that issuing a convertible bond will upset the shareholders for the following reasons:

   • it will dilute their control

   • the interest payments will be higher therefore reducing liquidity

   • it will increase the gearing ratio therefore increasing financial risk

Director B disagrees, and is preparing a board paper to promote the issue of the convertible bond rather than a non-convertible.

 

Advise the Director B which THREE of the following statements should be included in his board paper to promote the issue of the convertible bond?

Options:

A.

The convertible bond may not dilute control as the bond holder has an option to choose conversion.

B.

The coupon rate on the convertible bond will be lower than that on a non-convertible bond.

C.

When converted into shares, the company will receive a cash inflow which can be used for future investments.

D.

Issuing a convertible bond will have a more favourable impact on the gearing ratio than a non-convertible bond.

E.

Over the life of the bond, a convertible will be more expensive than a non-convertible.

Question 109

A company has a covenant on its 5% long term corporate bond.

   • Covenant - The earnings must not fall below $7 million

The bond has a nominal value of $60 million.

It is currently trading at 80% of its nominal value.

The projected earnings before interest and taxation for next year are $11.5 million.

The company retains 80% of its earnings. It pays tax at 20%.

 

Advise the Board of Directors which of the following covenant conditions will apply next year?

Options:

A.

The earnings will be = $7.28 million (The covenant will not be breached).

B.

The earnings will be = $11.50 million (The covenant will not be breached).

C.

The earnings will be = $6.80 million (The covenant will be breached).

D.

The earnings will be = $5.44 million (The covenant will be breached).

Question 110

A company is concerned that a high proportion of its debt portfolio consists of variable rate finance with an interest rate of LIBOR ' 1 .0%.

It is considering using an interest rate swap to reduce interest rate risk out is concerned about additional finance cost this might create.

A bank has quoted swap rates of 3% 3.5% against LIBOR.

A bank has quoted swap rates of 3% 3.5% against LIBOR.

Is an interest rate swap likely to be beneficial to the company at current LIBOR rates?

Options:

A.

No, because it would be cheaper to repay variable rate finance aid enter into new fixed rate finance than to enter into an interest rate swap.

B.

Yes, because it will have lower interest rate risk and interest cost remains the same.

C.

Yes, because interest cost will decrease with the interest rate swap in place.

D.

No, because interest cost will increase with the interest rate swap in place.

Question 111

A listed publishing company owns a subsidiary company whose business activity is training.

It wishes to dispose of the subsidiary company.

 

The following information is available:

  

The board of the publishing company believe that the value of the subsidiary company, and hence the value of the equity invested in it, can be determined by calculating the present value of the subsidiary's free cashflows.

 

Which of the following is the most appropriate discount rate to use when determining the enterprise value of the company?

Options:

A.

A WACC that reflects the gearing of the publishing company and the asset beta of a listed company that provides training activities.

B.

A cost of equity that reflects the asset beta of a listed company that provides training activities. 

C.

A WACC that reflects the gearing of the subsidiary company and the asset beta of a listed company that provides training activities.

D.

A WACC that the reflects the gearing of the publishing company and the equity beta factor of the publishing company. 

Question 112

A company generates and distributes electricity and gas to households and businesses. 

 

Forecast results for the next financial year are as follows:

  

The Industry Regulator has announced a new price cap of $1.50 per Kilowatt. 

The company expects this to cause consumption to rise by 10% but costs would remained unaltered. 

 

The price cap is expected to cause the company's net profit to fall to:

Options:

A.

$47.5 million profit

B.

$27.5 million profit

C.

$20.0 million profit

D.

$35.0 million loss

Question 113

Company Z has just completed the all-cash acquisition of Company A.

Both companies operate in the advertising industry.

The market considered the acquisition a positive strategic move by Company Z.

 

Which THREE of the following will the shareholders of Company Z expect the company's directors to prioritise following the acquisition?

Options:

A.

The realisation of anticipated post-acquisition synergies.

B.

The development of a dividend policy to meet the expectations of the target company shareholders.

C.

The integration and retention of key employees.

D.

The regulatory approval required to complete the acquisition.

E.

The retention of key customers of the acquired company.

Question 114

An entity prepares financial statements to 30 June.

During the year ended 30 June 20X2 the following events occurred:

 

1 July 20X1

   • The entitiy borrowed $100 million at a variable rate of interest.

   • In order to protect itself against the variability of its interest cashflows, the entity entered into a pay-fixed-receive-variable interest swap with annual settlements.  The fair value of the swap on this date was zero.

30 June 20X2

   • The entity received a net settlement of $2 million under the swap. After this net settlement, the fair value of the swap was $5 million - a financial asset.

The entity decides to use hedge accounting for this arrangement and has designated it as a cash flow hedge.  The swap is a perfect hedge of the variability of the cash interest payments.

 

Which of the following describes the treatment of the settlement and the change in the fair value of the swap in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 30 June 20X2?

Options:

A.

$7 million is recognised in profit or loss.

B.

$7 million is recognised in other comprehensive income.

C.

$2 million is recognised in profit or loss and $5 million is recognised in other comprehensive income.

D.

$5 million is recognised in profit or loss and $2 million is recognised in other comprehensive income.

Question 115

VVV has a floating rate loan that it wishes to replace with a fixed rate. The cost of the existing loan is the risk-free rate + 3%. VW would have to pay a fixed rate of 7% on a fixed rate loan VVVs bank has found a potential counterparty for a swap arrangement.

The counterparty wishes to raise a variable rate loan It would pay the risk-free rate +1 % on a variable rate loan and 8% on a fixed rate.

The bank will require 10% of the savings from the swap and WV and the counterparty will share the remaining saving equally.

Calculate VWs effective rate of interest from this swap arrangement.

Options:

A.

VVV would pay 5.2%

B.

VVV would pay 5.65%

C.

VVV would pay the risk-free rate + 1 %

D.

VVV would pay 5.5%

Question 116

The Treasurer of Z intends to use interest rate options to set an interest rate cap on Z’s borrowings.

Which of the following statement is correct?

Options:

A.

The Treasurer should buy an interested rate floor and sell an interested cap ta the same time

B.

The Treasurer will retain the benefit of movements in interest rates below the floor limit.

C.

The cost of a collar is lower than the cost of a cap a one.

D.

The Treasurer will have to negotiate the options with Z's bank.

Question 117

An unlisted company operates in a niche market, exploring the west coast of Africa for new oiI reservoirs.

The oil exploration program has been successful in recent years and t now has a substantial amount of oil reserves with a high level of certainty of being recoverable Under financial reporting regulations, oil still in the ground is not recognised as an asset unit is extracted.

The expense of the exploration program has used up all the company’s available cash resources.

The company has denied to list or a stock market and raise finds through an initial public offering to finance its drilling program.

Which of the following valuation methods in the appropriate to use in calculating an initial listing price for this company?

Options:

A.

Market capitalisation.

B.

Framings valuation using the ratio of a multinational oil exploration company

C.

Net asset valuation based on book values.

D.

Discounted cash flow valuation

Question 118

Company ABD and Company BCD operate in the same industry and each has a significant market share.

The directors of Company ABD have heard rumours in the market that Company BCD is planning to bid to takeover Company ABD. They do not believe the takeover would be in the best interests of the shareholders and are therefore keen to prevent the bid from going ahead.

Which THREE of the following defense strategies could be used by the directors of Company ABD at this point in time?

Options:

A.

Communicate effectively with their shareholders

B.

Revalue the non-current assets

C.

Refer the bid to the competition authorities

D.

Poison Pill

E.

White Knight

Question 119

Extracts from a company's profit forecast for the next financial year is as follows:

Since preparing the forecast, the company has decided to return surplus cash to shareholders by a share repurchase arrangement.

The share repurchase would result in the company purchasing 20% of the 2,000 million ordinary shares currently in issue and cancelling them.

Assuming the share repurchase went ahead, the impact on the company's forecast earnings per share will be an increase of:

Options:

A.

$0,050

B.

$0,125

C.

$0,100

D.

$0,075

Question 120

A profit-seeking company intends to acquire another company for a variety of reasons, primarily to enhance shareholder wealth.

Which THREE of the following offer the greatest potential for enhancing shareholder wealth?

Options:

A.

Achieving more press coverage for the company.

B.

Creating new opportunities for employees.

C.

Achieving greater cultural diversity.

D.

Acquiring Intellectual Property assets.

E.

Exploiting production synergies.

F.

Elimination of existing competition.

Question 121

D has US$10 million to invest over 12 months in either USS or GBP Its options are to invest in USS at the present USS interest rate of 10 18%. or to convert the USS to GBP at the spot rate GBP1 =US$1 61 and invest in GBP at an interest rate of 6.4%.

According to the interest rate parity theory, what will the one year forward rate be?

Give your answer to three decimal places.

Options:

Question 122

A company has announced a rights issue of 1 new share for every 4 existing shares. 

 

Relevant data:

   • The current market price per share is $10.00.

   • Rights are to be issued at a 20% discount to the current price.

   • The rate of return on the new funds raised is expected to be 10%.

   • The rate of return on existing funds is 5%.

What is the yield-adjusted theoretical ex-rights price?

 

Give your answer to two decimal places.

 

$ ?  

Options:

Question 123

It is now 1 January 20X0.

Company V, a private equity company, is considering the acquisition of 40% of the equity of Company A for a total amount of $15 million.

Company A has been established to develop a new type of engine which will be launched at the end of 20X1. Company A is forecasting that the new engine will result in free cash flows to equity of $2m in its first year of operation and that this will rise by 8% per year for the foreseeable future.

The new engine is the only commercial activity that Company A is involved in.

Company V intends to sell its stake in Company A when the new engine is launched.

Company A has a cost of equity of 12%.

Assuming that Company V receives an amount that reflects the present value of their shares in company A. what is the estimated annual rate of return to Company V from this investment? (To the nearest %)

Options:

A.

3%

B.

10%

C.

16%

D.

33%

Question 124

A company's Board of Directors is assessing the likely impact of financing new projects by using either debt or equity finance.

The impact of using debt or equity finance on some key variables is uncertain.

 

Which THREE of the following statements are true?

Options:

A.

The use of equity finance reduces the company's overall financial risk.

B.

The use of equity finance will create pressure for increases in dividend per share in the future.

C.

The use of debt finance will always result in an increase in earnings per share.

D.

Retained earnings is the cheapest form of equity finance.

E.

The use of debt finance increases the cost of equity.

F.

The use of debt finance is always preferable to equity finance.

Question 125

Company A has made an offer to acquire Company Z.  

Both companies are quoted and their current market share prices are:

   • Company A - $4

   • Company Z - $5

Shareholders in company Z have been given three alternative offers:

   • Cash of $5.50 per share

   • Share for share exchange on the basis of 3 for 2

   • 10.5% long dated bond for every 20 shares

The bond is has a nominal value of $100 and the expected yield on bonds of similar risk is 10%.

 

You are advising a Company Z shareholder on the three offers.

She requires a 15% premium if she is to accept the offer. 

 

In providing your advice, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

The bond offer is only worth $100 which represents a zero premium and should be rejected.

B.

The bond offer is above the minimum threshold and should be accepted.

C.

The share for share exchange is the only offer which is above the acceptance threshold.

D.

The value of the consideration given by the cash and bond offers is certain, unlike the share offer.

Question 126

Company U has made a bid for the entire share capital of Company B.

Company U is offering the shareholders in Company B the option of either a share exchange or a cash alternative.

 

Advise the shareholders in Company B which THREE of the following would be considered disadvantages of accepting the cash consideration?

Options:

A.

Cash consideration is certain whereas Company U's future share price performance is uncertain.

B.

Interest rates on deposit accounts are currently at a historic low and are expected to remain low.

C.

Company U is not expected to change its dividend policy post-acquisition.

D.

Taxation is payable on realised capital gains.

E.

There will be no opportunity to participate in the future economic success of Company U.

Question 127

Country X's short-term interest rates are slightly higher than its long-term rates. Which THREE of the following statements are correct?

Options:

A.

This difference may reverse.

B.

Country X's currency is expected to strengthen in the long-term.

C.

Interest rates will definitely fall.

D.

Interest rates are expected to fall.

E.

A long-term borrower would save by taking out a short-term loan and then refinancing

Question 128

A company plans to raise $12 million to finance an expansion project using a rights issue.

Relevant data:

• Shares will be offered at a 20% discount to the present market price of $15.00 per share.

• There are currently 2 million shares in issue.

• The project is forecast to yield a positive NPV of $6 million.

What is the yield-adjusted Theoretical Ex-Rights Price following the announcement of the rights issue?

Options:

A.

$16.00

B.

$14.00

C.

$9.00

D.

$11.00

Question 129

STU has relatively few tangible assets and is dependent for profits and growth on the high-value individuals it employs. Which of the following statements best explains why the net asset valuator method’s considered unstable for TU?

Options:

A.

STU does not account for its tangible assets

B.

STU does not account for its intangible assets.

C.

STU accounts for its intangible assets at net realisable value.

D.

STU accounts for its intangible assets at historical value.

Question 130

Company A plans to acquire Company B.

Both firms operate as wholesalers in the fashion industry, supplying a wide range of ladies' clothing shops.

Company A sources mainly from the UK, Company B imports most of its supplies from low-income overseas countries.

Significant synergies are expected in management costs and warehousing, and in economies of bulk purchasing.

 

Which of the following is likely to be the single most important issue facing Company A in post-merger integration?

Options:

A.

Identifying and removing surplus staff.

B.

Understanding the management information system of the acquired firm.

C.

Discussions with representatives from key customer accounts.

D.

Discussions with anti-poverty campaigning groups.

Page: 1 / 33
Total 435 questions