CIPS L5M3 Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Explanation

Verity can sue for damages. The order was placed over the phone meaning that there was a verbal contract in place. Contracts do not need to be written to be enforceable so option 2 is incorrect. There is no termination clause mentioned in the question so you can assume that there isn't one. This means that the retailer is committing a breach of the verbal contract by cancelling the order. Verity could therefore apply for damages. (Whether or not they'd be awarded is a different matter!). This question tests your understanding of when contracts can be terminated and remedies for breaches. See p. 134.

Explanation

This is a Fundamental Breach. Fundamental Breach and Major Breach are very similar- they're both really bad and can lead to damages and the termination of the contract. The difference is that a Fundamental Breach is so bad that it goes to the root of the contract - a breach so bad that the contract is basically worthless. For example if you make a contract with a supplier to have potatoes delivered but it turns out they don't sell potatoes, only apples, and they keep sending you apples instead of potatoes. This would be a fundamental breach because its something so fundamental to the contract that there's no point in the contract existing if there's a breach like this. Condition Breach and Essence Breach are made up words- they don't exist. P.44

Explanation

Indemnity isn't usually used for confidentiality agreements - this is stated on p.21 of the study guide. This is because it's hard to indemnify against- you don't know what the consequence of a breach of confidentiality is going to be so it's hard to quantify. Unliquidated damages is more suitable. The study guide does state that indemnity is frequently used in intellectual property rights, software licence agreements and share purchase agreements. This is also written on p. 21.