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Alternative item strategies are used to define how the system selects the alternative items in a BOM during the planning run or the order creation. The following alternative item strategies are available in SAP S/4HANA:

• Manual maintenance: The system does not select any alternative item automatically. You have to manually select the alternative item in the BOM or the order. This strategy is useful when you want to have full control over the alternative item selection and when the selection depends on factors that are not known to the system1
• 100% check: The system checks the availability of all alternative items and selects the one with the highest priority and sufficient stock. If none of the alternative items has enough stock, the system selects the one with the highest priority and the smallest shortage quantity. This strategy is useful when you want to optimize the material availability and reduce the procurement costs2
• First in First out (FIFO): The system selects the alternative item with the highest priority and the earliest availability date. If several alternative items have the same availability date, the system selects the one with the highest priority. This strategy is useful when you want to use the oldest stock first and avoid obsolescence3
• Simultaneous: The system selects all alternative items simultaneously and distributes the requirement quantity among them according to the usage probability. The usage probability is a percentage value that indicates how often an alternative item is used. This strategy is useful when you want to balance the demand and supply of multiple alternative items and when the usage probability is known.

References:

• Alternative Item Group - SAP Help Portal
• Alternative Item Group - SAP Help Portal
• Alternative Item Group - SAP Help Portal
• [Alternative Item Group - SAP Help Portal]

The duration of an operation for production is determined by the combination of data maintained in the routing and the work center. The routing defines the sequence of operations, the work centers, and the standard values for each operation, such as setup time, processing time, and teardown time. The work center defines the capacity, the formulas, and the scheduling parameters for each operation, such as base quantity, operation rate, and queue time. The system calculates the duration of an operation by multiplying the standard values from the routing by the factors from the work center formulas and adding the scheduling parameters from the work center. For example, if the routing specifies a processing time of 10 minutes per unit and the work center formula is processing time = (processing time / base quantity) * operation quantity, and the base quantity is 100 units, then the duration of the operation for 50 units is (10 / 100) * 50 = 5 minutes.

The bill of material (BOM) © and the material master (D) are not data objects that determine the duration of an operation for production. The BOM defines the components and the quantities that are required for producing a material. The material master defines the general and specific attributes of a material, such as the material type, the unit of measure,the MRP data, and the production data. These data objects are relevant for planning the material requirements and the production costs, but not the operation duration. References:

• Run PP/DS heuristic for repetitive manufacturing: PP/DS (Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling) is a component of SAP S/4HANA that provides advanced planning and scheduling functions for complex production scenarios. You can run the PP/DS heuristic for repetitive manufacturing to automatically assign planned orders to production lines based on the available capacity, material, and sequence constraints. The PP/DS heuristic also optimizes the line utilization and minimizes the setup times and costs.
• Assign planned orders manually in the planning table: The planning table is a graphical tool that allows you to view and manipulate the production plan for repetitive manufacturing. You can assign planned orders manually to production lines by dragging and dropping them in the planning table. You can also adjust the start and finish dates, quantities, and sequences of the planned orders. The planning table shows the capacity situation and the material availability for each production line.

You cannot plan both quantities and capacities during line loading in repetitive manufacturing by using the following options:

• Run MRP with quota arrangement: MRP (Material Requirements Planning) is a process that calculates the quantity and timing of material requirements based on the demand and supply situation. You can run MRP with quota arrangement to distribute the total requirements for a material among multiple sources of supply, such as vendors, plants, or production lines. However, MRP does not consider the capacity constraints or the sequence dependencies of the production lines, and therefore cannot plan the capacities during line loading.
• Assign planned orders manually in the planning table: This option is identical to option C and therefore cannot be a correct answer.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], pages 105-106; [SAP Help Portal: Line Loading in Repetitive Manufacturing].

A production planning run in Advanced Planning (PP/DS) is a process that optimizes the supply and demand situation for a set of materials and locations within a given planning horizon. The possible results of a production planning run are:

• Planned Order: A planned order is a proposal for internal production or external procurement of a material. A planned order can be converted into a production order or a purchase order, depending on the source of supply. A planned order can also be firmed, which means that it is not changed or deleted by subsequent planning runs.
• Production Order: A production order is a document that defines the operations, materials, resources, and costs required to produce a material. A production order is created from a planned order or directly by the user. A production order can be released, confirmed, and settled as part of the production process. References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 181; [SAP Help Portal: Production Planning Run].