Free Access CIPS L4M7 New Release

Explanation

Consignment stock is stock legally owned by one party, but held by another, meaning that the risk and rewards regarding to the said stock remains with the first party while the second party is re-sponsible for distribution or retail operations. Ownership of consignment stock is passed only when the stock is used (issued or sold in the case of a shop). Unused stock in a warehouse may be returned to the supplier when it concerns standard manufactured products. With customer specific items, agreements concerning returning products, should be negotiated.

Explanation

The total cost of storage consists of two different costs:

- The cost of warehouses: each one has a different cost, and each has the cost of stock-holding and stock management included

- The transport costs: the total transport cost reduces as further warehouses mean shorter final delivery to the customers.

Depending on each situation, the optimal number of warehouses varies. Generally, more facilities will increase the cost of warehouses while reduce the transport costs and vice versa.

Explanation

The system of slip sheet load handling involves the use of a thin sheet of material, the slip sheet, as a base on which items are assembled as a unit load for handling, storage, and transport. The slip sheet is used in conjunction with a pallet, if desired, at certain stages in the distribution cycle. If all lift trucks in the cycle are equipped with the proper attachment, an appropriate slip sheet is the only material handling base required. Slip sheet requires special push pull accessories and usually use thin and wide forks.

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Skids are generally described as single-deck pallets and do not have bottom flatted layer which makes them less bulky and cheaper than conventional pallets but also less universal in their use.

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Shrink wrap, also referred to as shrink film or shrink wrap, is a versatile polymer material used for the packaging of finished goods. Heat is applied to the film – by either a conveyor heat tunnel or an electric or gas heat gun – which catalyzes the film to shrink tightly around the item placed within. This process results in a clear, durable barrier of protection around the product.

Post pallets have a simple metal structure with four uprights and substantial feat to take the load. These may be free standing, but many are designed for the feet to interlock with the posts of another post pallet so that the stack can be created.

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Explanation

There are two main processes of recycling – open loop recycling and closed loop recycling.

Open Loop Recycling

Open loop recycling is a method that delays disposal by converting manufactured goods and spent materials into both new raw materials, which can be used for a manufacturing purpose, as a fuel source for a different manufacturing process and waste products.

Typically, materials recycled through open-loop recycling will be used for purposes different from their original purpose.

This means that the input into the recycling process is converted to a new raw material, which can be used as an input into another manufacturing process.

Materials in an open loop recycling process are treated using various forms of treatment including heat, chemical reactions, or physical crushing.

Closed Loop Recycling

Closed loop recycling is a process where waste is collected, recycled and then used again to make the same product it came from. This process is restorative and regenerative by design and aims to keep materials at their highest utility and value always.

Closed loop recycling is focused on resource sustainability, which means that recycling of a material can be done indefinitely without degradation of properties. In this case, conversion of the used product back to raw material allows repeated making of the same product, which helps hazardous waste generators reduce carbon footprint and achieve corporate sustainability initiatives.

Closed-loop recycling is common in specialized industries, such as the computer and battery industries, which use expensive or complex goods that cannot easily be broken down post-consumption into constituent materials.

A prime example of a closed-loop recycling process is the recycling of aluminum cans. Aluminum can be recycled to form new cans with little material degradation or waste creation.