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The @Value annotation can be used to inject values from external sources into fields, constructor parameters, or method parameters. To inject a system property, the annotation can use either the ${…} placeholder syntax or the #{…} SpEL expression syntax. The former is simpler and more concise, while the latter is more powerful and flexible. Both syntaxes can access the systemProperties map, which contains all the system properties as key-value pairs.

A. @Configuration This annotation indicates that the class has @Bean definition methods and may be processed by the Spring container to generate bean definitions and service requests for those beans at runtime. B. @ComponentScan This annotation configures component scanning directives for use with @Configuration classes. Provides support parallel with Spring XML's context:component-scan element.

B. If an embedded database is on the classpath, it will be used to configure a DataSource by default.

This is true because the @DataJpaTest annotation enables auto-configuration of an embedded database if one is available on the classpath, such as H2, HSQLDB, or Derby. This allows the test to run with a temporary and isolated database that can be configured with test data.

D. It auto-configures a TestEntityManager bean.

This is true because the @DataJpaTest annotation provides a TestEntityManager bean that can be used to perform common JPA operations in the test. The TestEntityManager is an alternative to the standard EntityManager that provides some convenience methods and exception translation.