Changed 712-50 Exam Questions

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words)

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According to EC-Council CCISO documentation, NIST SP 800-53 provides a comprehensive catalog of enterprise-grade security and privacy controls and is widely used as a best-practice framework across industries.

ISO 23009 (Option B) is unrelated to security governance. PCI DSS (Option C) is industry-specific. HIPAA (Option D) is a regulation, not a general best-practice framework.

Thus, Option A is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed 250–300 Words Explanation From Exact Extract from Chief Information Security Officer (CCISO) Documents:

The EC-Council CCISO Body of Knowledge defines Annual Loss Expectancy (ALE) as a quantitative risk metric calculated by multiplying Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) by the Annual Rate of Occurrence (ARO).

SLE represents the financial impact of a single incident, while ARO represents the expected frequency of occurrence per year. ALE provides a clear estimate of expected annual financial loss, enabling cost-benefit analysis and informed risk treatment decisions.

CCISO materials emphasize ALE as a foundational quantitative risk analysis tool used to justify security investments, compare mitigation options, and communicate risk in financial terms to executives.

Other formulas listed are not recognized CCISO risk equations. Therefore, the correct calculation is SLE × ARO.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words)

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According to EC-Council CCISO documentation, operational controls are controls executed by people and processes as part of day-to-day operations to ensure security objectives are met. Conducting weekly audits of configuration management processes is an example of an operational control because it involves recurring human-driven activities designed to maintain system integrity and compliance.

CCISO materials categorize controls into administrative (management), operational, technical, and physical. Operational controls include procedures such as monitoring, reviews, audits, incident handling, and change verification—activities performed regularly to support security operations.

Establishing procurement guidelines (Option B) is an administrative/management control. Classifying an information system (Option C) is a governance and documentation activity, also administrative. Installing a fire suppression system (Option D) is a physical control.

The CCISO program stresses that CISOs must ensure operational controls are effective because they directly influence how policies and standards are enforced in practice.

Therefore, Option A is correct.

 Definition of Exposure Factor:

Exposure Factor (EF) quantifies the percentage of an asset’s value lost due to a threat event.

 Calculation Context:

EF is used in risk analysis calculations such as Annual Loss Expectancy (ALE).

 Supporting Reference:

CCISO materials define EF as a critical metric in quantifying potential impacts in risk management.