Paloalto Networks PSE-Strata-Pro-24 Practice Exam Dumps 2025

User-to-IP mappings are the foundation of User-ID, a core feature of Strata Hardware Firewalls (e.g., PA-400 Series, PA-5400 Series). These mappings link a user’s identity (e.g., username) to their device’s IP address, enabling policy enforcement based on user identity rather than just IP. Palo Alto Networks supports multiple methods to populate these mappings, depending on thenetwork environment and authentication mechanisms.

Purpose:Allows the firewall to apply user-based policies, monitor user activity, and generate user-specific logs.

Strata Context:On a PA-5445, User-ID integrates with App-ID and security subscriptions to enforce granular access control.

[Reference:, "User-ID Overview" (Palo Alto Networks) states, "User-ID maps IP addresses to usernames using various methods for policy enforcement.", "PA-Series Datasheet" highlights User-ID as a standard feature for identity-based security., , Step 2: Evaluating Each Option, Option A: XML API, Explanation:The XML API is a programmatic interface that allows external systems to send user-to-IP mapping information directly to the Strata Hardware Firewall or Panorama. This method is commonly used to integrate with third-party identity management systems, scripts, or custom applications., How It Works:An external system (e.g., a script or authentication server) sends XML-formatted requests to the firewall’s API endpoint, specifying usernames and their corresponding IP addresses. The firewall updates its User-ID database with these mappings., Use Case:Ideal for environments where user data is available from non-standard sources (e.g., custom databases) or where automation is required., Strata Context:On a PA-410, an administrator can use curl or a script to push mappings like update., Process:Requires API key authentication and is configured under Device > User Identification > User Mapping on the firewall., Reference:, "User-ID XML API Reference" states, "Use the XML API to dynamically update user-to-IP mappings on the firewall.", "Panorama Administrator’s Guide" confirms XML API support for User-ID updates across managed devices., Why Option A is Correct:XML API is a valid, documented method to populate user-to-IP mappings, offering flexibility for custom integrations., Option B: Captive Portal, Explanation:Captive Portal is an authentication method that prompts users to log in via a web browser when they attempt to access network resources. Upon successful authentication, the firewall maps the user’s IP address to their username., How It Works:The firewall redirects unauthenticated users to a login page (hosted on the firewall or externally). After users enter credentials (e.g., via LDAP, RADIUS, or local database), the firewall records the mapping and applies user-based policies., Use Case:Effective in guest or BYOD environments where users must authenticate explicitly, such as on Wi-Fi networks., Strata Context:On a PA-400 Series, Captive Portal is configured under Device > User Identification > Captive Portal, integrating with authentication profiles., Process:The firewall intercepts HTTP traffic, authenticates the user, and updates the User-ID table (e.g., "jdoe" mapped to 192.168.1.20)., Reference:, "Configure Captive Portal" (Palo Alto Networks) states, "Captive Portal populates user-to-IP mappings by requiring users to authenticate.", "User-ID Deployment Guide" lists Captive Portal as a primary method for useridentification., Why Option B is Correct:Captive Portal is a standard, interactive method to populate user-to-IP mappings directly on the firewall., Option C: User-ID, Explanation:User-ID is not a method but the overarching feature or technology that leverages various methods (e.g., XML API, Captive Portal) to collect and apply user-to-IP mappings. It includes agents, syslog parsing, and directory integration, but "User-ID" itself is not a specific mechanism for populating mappings., Clarification:User-ID encompasses components like the User-ID Agent, server monitoring (e.g., AD), and Captive Portal, but the question seeks individual methods, not the feature as a whole., Strata Context:On a PA-5445, User-ID is enabled by default, but its mappings come from specific sources like those listed in other options., Reference:, "User-ID Concepts" clarifies, "User-ID is the framework that uses multiple methods to map users to IPs.", Why Option C is Incorrect:User-ID is the system, not a distinct method, making it an invalid choice., Option D: SCP Log Ingestion, Explanation:SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) is a file transfer protocol, not a recognized method for populating user-to-IP mappings in Palo Alto Networks’ documentation. While the firewall can ingest logs (e.g., via syslog) to extract mappings, SCP is not part of this process., Analysis:User-ID can parse syslog messages from authentication servers (e.g., VPNs) to map users to IPs, but this is configured under "Server Monitoring," not "SCP log ingestion." SCP is typically used for manual file transfers (e.g., backups), not dynamic mapping., Strata Context:No PA-Series documentation mentions SCP as a User-ID method; syslog or agent-based methods are standard instead., Reference:, "User-ID Syslog Monitoring" describes log parsing for mappings, with no reference to SCP., "PAN-OS Administrator’s Guide" excludes SCP from User-ID mechanisms., Why Option D is Incorrect:SCP log ingestion is not a valid or documented method for user-to-IP mappings., , Step 3: Recommendation Rationale, Explanation:The two valid methods to populate user-to-IP mappings on Strata Hardware Firewalls are XML API and Captive Portal. XML API provides a programmatic, automated approach for external systems to update mappings, while Captive Portal offers an interactive, user-driven method requiring authentication. Both are explicitly supported by the User-ID framework and align with the operational capabilities of PA-Series firewalls., Reference:, "User-ID Best Practices" lists "XML API and Captive Portal" among key methods for mapping users to IPs., , Conclusion, The systems engineer should recommendXML API (A)andCaptive Portal (B)as the two valid methods to populate user-to-IP mappings on a Strata Hardware Firewall. These methods leverage the PA-Series’ User-ID capabilities to ensure accurate, real-time user identification, supporting identity-based security policies and visibility. Options C and D are either misrepresentations orunsupported in this context., , ]

Question 2

What is the minimum configuration to stop a Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 attack inline and in real time?

Options:

Next-Generation CASB on PAN-OS 10.1

Advanced Threat Prevention and PAN-OS 10.2

Threat Prevention and Advanced WildFire with PAN-OS 10.0

DNS Security, Threat Prevention, and Advanced WildFire with PAN-OS 9.x

Answer:

Explanation:

Cobalt Strike is a popular post-exploitation framework often used by attackers for Command and Control (C2) operations. Malleable C2 profiles allow attackers to modify the behavior of their C2 communication, making detection more difficult. Stopping these attacks inreal timerequires deep inline inspection and the ability to block zero-day and evasive threats.

Why "Advanced Threat Prevention and PAN-OS 10.2" (Correct Answer B)?Advanced Threat Prevention (ATP) on PAN-OS 10.2 usesinline deep learning modelsto detect and blockCobalt Strike Malleable C2 attacksin real time. ATP is designed to prevent evasive techniques and zero-day threats, which is essential for blocking Malleable C2. PAN-OS 10.2 introduces enhanced capabilities for detecting malicious traffic patterns and inline analysis of encrypted traffic.

ATP examines traffic behavior and signature-less threats, effectively stopping evasive C2 profiles.

PAN-OS 10.2 includes real-time protections specifically for Malleable C2.

Why not "Next-Generation CASB on PAN-OS 10.1" (Option A)?Next-Generation CASB (Cloud Access Security Broker) is designed to secure SaaS applications and does not provide the inline C2 protection required to stop Malleable C2 attacks. CASB is not related to Command and Control detection.

Why not "Threat Prevention and Advanced WildFire with PAN-OS 10.0" (Option C)?Threat Prevention and Advanced WildFire are effective for detecting and preventing malware and known threats. However, they rely heavily on signatures and sandboxing for analysis, which is not sufficient for stoppingreal-time evasive C2 traffic. PAN-OS 10.0lacks the advanced inline capabilities provided by ATP in PAN-OS 10.2.

Why not "DNS Security, Threat Prevention, and Advanced WildFire with PAN-OS 9.x" (Option D)?While DNS Security and Threat Prevention are valuable for blocking malicious domains and known threats, PAN-OS 9.x does not provide the inline deep learning capabilities needed for real-time detection and prevention of Malleable C2 attacks. The absence of advanced behavioral analysis in PAN-OS 9.x makes this combination ineffective against advanced C2 attacks.

[Reference:Palo Alto Networks documentation for Advanced Threat Prevention on PAN-OS 10.2 highlights its capability to block evasive C2 traffic in real time using deep learning., ]

Question 3

Which technique is an example of a DNS attack that Advanced DNS Security can detect and prevent?

Options:

High entropy DNS domains

Polymorphic DNS

CNAME cloaking

DNS domain rebranding

Answer:

Explanation:

Advanced DNS Security on Palo Alto Networks firewalls is designed to identify and prevent a wide range of DNS-based attacks. Among the listed options, "High entropy DNS domains" is a specific example of a DNS attack that Advanced DNS Security can detect and block.

Why "High entropy DNS domains" (Correct Answer A)?High entropy DNS domains are often used in attacks where randomly generated domain names (e.g., gfh34ksdu.com) are utilized by malware or bots to evade detection. This is a hallmark of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA)-based attacks. Palo Alto Networks firewalls with Advanced DNS Security use machine learning to detect such domains by analyzing the entropy (randomness) of DNS queries. High entropy values indicate the likelihood of a dynamically generated or malicious domain.

Why not "Polymorphic DNS" (Option B)?While polymorphic DNS refers to techniques that dynamically change DNS records to avoid detection, it is not specifically identified as an attack type mitigated by Advanced DNS Security in Palo Alto Networks documentation. The firewall focuses more on the behavior of DNS queries, such as detecting DGA domains or anomalous DNS traffic patterns.

Why not "CNAME cloaking" (Option C)?CNAME cloaking involves using CNAME records to redirect DNS queries to malicious or hidden domains. Although Palo Alto firewalls may detect and block malicious DNS redirections, the focus of Advanced DNS Security is primarily on identifying patterns of DNS abuse like DGA domains, tunneling, or high entropy queries.

Why not "DNS domain rebranding" (Option D)?DNS domain rebranding involves changing the domain names associated with malicious activity to evade detection. This is typically a tactic used for persistence but is not an example of a DNS attack type specifically addressed by Advanced DNS Security.

Advanced DNS Security focuses on dynamic, real-time identification of suspicious DNS patterns, such as high entropy domains, DNS tunneling, or protocol violations. High entropy DNS domains are directly tied to attack mechanisms like DGAs, making this the correct answer.

[Reference:According to Palo Alto Networks Advanced DNS Security documentation, detecting high entropy domains is a core feature of the service, leveraging machine learning and behavioral analysis to identify and block such malicious activities., , , ]

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PSE-Strata-Pro-24 Exam Dumps : Palo Alto Networks Systems Engineer Professional - Hardware Firewall

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