NAPLEX Exam Dumps : North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination

Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor to decrease glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that works on incretins/increase insulin secretion/decrease glucagon secretion. Pioglitazone is a TZD that increases insulin sensitivity. Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist which increase insulin secretion/decrease glucagon secretion/increase satiety.

Thiazolidinediones may cause fluid retention through proposed mechanism of increasing reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidney and increasing vascular permeability in adipose tissue. Bile acid sequestrants work in the intestine to bind bile acids which doesn’t affect fluid retention. GLP-1 receptor agonists work to activate these receptors to secrete insulin from beta pancreatic cells/decrease glucagon secretion/ increase satiety and doesn’t affect fluid retention. SGLT2 inhibitors actually cause increase of fluid elimination through the kidneys. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work in the gut to decrease carb absorption/digestion and have no affect on fluid retention.

Cefepime, levofloxacin, cefazolin does not provide good coverage of anaerobes. Ampicillin-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam provide anaerobic coverage.