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GMAT Exam
Despite the fact that the seeds of certain tropical trees fall mostly around the parent tree, the seeds that land farther from the parent trees of these species have the greatest chance of germinating. One hypothesis is that the effect is caused by rodents eating a larger number of seeds beside the parent tree than seeds in places farther away, but studies have shown that this is not so.
Which of the following, If true, would most help explain the effect described above?

A city's chamber of commerce has the following goal for small businesses: revenue should be at least 20% greater than costs. The Venn diagram indicates that x is the number of small businesses that both in Year 1 and in Year 2 met the goal. The diagram also indicates that 53 - x is the number of small businesses that met the goal in Year 1 but not in Year 2, and that 47 - x is the number of small businesses that met the goal in Year 2 but not in Year 1.

Art expert: If a painting is from the Hudson River School of the mid-nineteenth century United States, it will display a romantic reverence for landscape, portraying pastoral
scenes in which humans and nature coexist peacefully. The painting that was recently discovered in the attic of the old town hall dates from the 1850s and portrays a
pastoral landscape in which two couples are having a peaceful picnic. So the painting must be from the Hudson River School.
The critic’s argument is flawed in that it