CIPP-US Exam Dumps : Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US)

The VPPA was enacted to prevent the wrongful disclosure of personally identifiable information (PII) concerning any consumer of a video tape service provider. PII includes information that identifies a person as having requested or obtained specific video materials or services from a video tape service provider. The VPPA prohibits such disclosure, except in certain limited circumstances, such as with the consumer’s informed, written consent, or pursuant to a law enforcement warrant, subpoena, or court order. The VPPA also allows the disclosure of the names and addresses of consumers, but not the title, description, or subject matter of any video tapes or other audio visual material, for the exclusive use of marketing goods and services directly to the consumer, unless the consumer has opted out of such disclosure. The other options (B, C, and D) are not restricted by the VPPA. References:

Video Privacy Protection Act - Wikipedia

18 U.S. Code § 2710 - Wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

IAPP CIPP/US Certified Information Privacy Professional Study Guide, Chapter 3: Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations, Section 3.5: Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA)

Redaction is the permanent removal of sensitive data—the digital equivalent of “blacking out” text in printed material. Redaction can be accomplished by simply deleting characters from a file or database record, or by replacing characters with asterisks or other placeholders. Redaction is often used to protect personal information, such as names, addresses, social security numbers, or financial data, on documents that are disclosed in litigation, such as pleadings, exhibits, or discovery responses. Redaction is required by courts to comply with privacy laws and rules, such as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP), which mandate that parties must redact certain types of personal information from documents filed with the court or produced to the other party. Redaction is also a best practice to minimize the risk of unauthorized access, identity theft, or reputational harm that may result from exposing personal information in litigation. References:

When to redact, or not, disclosable documents in litigation - Stewarts

The approach to redaction – High Court guidance - Lexology

IAPP CIPP/US Certified Information Privacy Professional Study Guide, Chapter 3: Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations, Section 3.2: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP).

 The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) within the HHS is the primary enforcer of the HIPAA Privacy Rule, which establishes national standards for the protection of individually identifiable health information by covered entities and business associates. The OCR investigates complaints, conducts compliance reviews, and provides technical assistance and guidance to ensure compliance with the Privacy Rule. The OCR can also impose civil monetary penalties for violations of the Privacy Rule, ranging from $100 to $50,000 per violation, up to a maximum of $1.5 million per year for the same violation. References: HIPAA Enforcement, IAPP CIPP/US Study Guide, Chapter 3, Section 3.1.1