PRMIA 8008 Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Statement I is not correct as VaR does not set an upper limit on losses. In this case, the bank expects the losses to exceed $253m 5% of the times, and the VaR number does not indicate any theoretical maximum amount of losses.Statement II is incorrect as there is a 95% (and not 5%) probability that the bank's losses will not exceed $253mStatement III is correct and describes VaR.Statement IV is incorrect, as regulatory capital is a more complex computation for which VaR is only one of the various input.Therefore Choice 'b' is the correct answer.

The difference between the yields on corporate bonds and the risk free rate is called the corporate bond spread. Widening of the spread means that corporate bonds yield more, and their yield curve shifts upwards, driving down bond prices. The increase in the spread is a consequence of the market risk from holding these interest rate instruments, which is a part of market risk. If the reduction in the value of the portfolio were to be caused by a change in the credit rating of the bonds held, it would have been a loss arising due to credit risk. Counterparty risk and liquidity risk are not relevant for this question. Therefore Choice 'c' is the correct answer.

Survivorship bias is the tendency for failed companies, funds, investments and even entire markets (eg Russian stock market returns after the Communist revolution) to be excluded from performance studies because they no longer exist. Survivorship bias results in past results looking better than they actually were as data points relating to failures are not included.

A risk manager needs to be aware of survivorship bias when basing risk analysis on historical data and should question if failures (eg failed funds, delisted companies etc) have been included in the data he or she is relying upon.