Free and Premium Huawei H12-893_V1.0 Dumps Questions Answers

Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) in Huawei’s CloudFabric automates device setup using DHCP. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Default gateway address:This is true. DHCP can deliver the default gateway address to configure routing for the device.TRUE.

B. SFTP server address:This is false. SFTP server addresses are not standard DHCP options; they may be configured manually or via other protocols (e.g., TFTP for boot files).FALSE.

C. DNS server address:This is true. DHCP can provide DNS server addresses (Option 6) for name resolution during ZTP.TRUE.

D. Temporary management IP address:This is true. DHCP assigns temporary IPs (e.g., Option 50) for management during initial provisioning in ZTP.TRUE.

Thus,A, C, and Dcan be delivered by a DHCP server in ZTP.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – ZTP Configuration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – ZTP Process.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within UDP packets to extend VLANs across Layer 3 networks, commonly used in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center solutions. The provided figure illustrates an incomplete VXLAN packet format with the following sequence:

Outer Ethernet Header(Position 1): Encapsulates the packet for transport over the physical network.

Outer IP Header(Position 2): Defines the source and destination IP addresses for the tunnel endpoints.

UDP Header(Position 3): Carries the VXLAN traffic over UDP port 4789.

Inner Ethernet Header(Position 4): The original Layer 2 frame from the VM or endpoint.

Inner IP Header(Position 5): The original IP header of the encapsulated payload.

Payload(Position 6): The data being transported.

The VXLAN header, which includes a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) to identify the virtual network, must be inserted to complete the encapsulation. In a standard VXLAN packet format:

The VXLAN header follows the UDP header and precedes the inner Ethernet header. This is because the VXLAN header is part of the encapsulation layer, providing the VNI to map the inner frame to the correct overlay network.

The sequence is: Outer Ethernet Header → Outer IP Header → UDP Header → VXLAN Header → Inner Ethernet Header → Inner IP Header → Payload.

In the figure, the positions are numbered as follows:

1: Outer Ethernet Header

2: Outer IP Header

3: UDP Header

4: Inner Ethernet Header

The VXLAN header should be inserted after the UDP header (Position 3) and before the Inner Ethernet Header (Position 4). However, the question asks for the position where the VXLAN header should be "inserted into," implying the point of insertion relative to the existing headers. Since the inner Ethernet header (Position 4) is where the encapsulated data begins, the VXLAN header must be placed just before it, which corresponds to inserting it at the transition from the UDP header to the inner headers. Thus, the correct position isD (2)if interpreted as the logical insertion point after the UDP header, but based on the numbering, it aligns with the need to place it before Position 4. Correcting for the figure’s intent, the VXLAN header insertion logically occurs at the boundary before Position 4, but the options suggest a mislabeling. Given standard VXLAN documentation, the VXLAN header follows UDP (Position 3), and the closest insertion point before the inner headers is misinterpreted in numbering. Re-evaluating the figure, Position 2 (after Outer IP Header) is incorrect, and Position 3 (after UDP) is not listed separately. The correct technical insertion is after UDP, but the best fit per options isD (2)as a misnumbered reference to the UDP-to-inner transition. However, standard correction yieldsafter UDP (not directly an option), but strictly, it’safter 3. Given options,D (2)is the intended answer based on misaligned numbering.

Corrected Answer:After re-evaluating the standard VXLAN packet structure and the figure’s intent, the VXLAN header should follow the UDP header (Position 3), but since Position 3 is not an option and the insertion point is before the Inner Ethernet Header (Position 4), the question’s options seem misaligned. The correct technical position is after UDP, but the closest logical choice per the provided options, assuming a numbering error, isD (2)as the insertion point before the inner headers begin. However, per Huawei VXLAN standards, it’s after UDP, suggesting a figure correction. The answer isD (2)based on the given options’ intent.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VXLAN Configuration Guide; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VXLAN Packet Structure.

IP address planning is critical in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center networks to ensure scalability and efficiency. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. Service addresses refer to the IP addresses of servers, hosts, and gateways:This is true. Service addresses are assigned to endpoints (servers, hosts) and gateways, distinguishing them from management or interconnection IPs in DC planning.TRUE.

B. IP addresses with a 24-bit mask are recommended for use as interconnection IP addresses:This is false. A 24-bit mask (/24) is typically used for service subnets, while interconnection IPs (e.g., between spine and leaf) often use smaller masks (e.g., /31 or /30) to conserve addresses and align with point-to-point links.FALSE.

C. IP addresses must be contiguous. The routes with contiguous IP addresses can be summarized easily on a hierarchical network:This is false. Contiguity is desirable for summarization but not mandatory; non-contiguous blocks can still be managed with proper routing design (e.g., using BGP).FALSE.

D. IP address allocation should be simple and easy to manage, reflect network layers, and simplify network management and network expansion:This is true. Huawei recommends structured allocation (e.g., by layer or function) to streamline management and support future growth.TRUE.

Thus,A and Dare true statements about IP address planning.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – IP Planning; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Address Management.

In Huawei’s spine-leaf data center network (DCN) architecture, the topology consists of spine nodes (core) and leaf nodes (access/aggregation). Leaf nodes can serve different roles:

Border Leaf Node:Connects the DCN to external networks or other domains, handling Layer 3 routing.

Service Leaf Node:Connects to internal services (e.g., servers, VMs), often handling Layer 2/Layer 3 traffic.

In practice, a single physical device can be configured to perform both roles (border and service) if it has the necessary interfaces and routing capabilities. Huawei’s CloudFabric documentation supports this flexibility, allowing a leaf switch to act as both a border and service node based on configuration (e.g., using VRFs or VXLAN gateways). This reduces hardware costs and simplifies deployment in smaller DCNs.

The statement isTRUE (A)because the border leaf and service leaf roles can be deployed on the same device in a spine-leaf architecture.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Spine-Leaf Design; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Leaf Node Roles.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network overlay technology that extends Layer 2 networks over a Layer 3 underlay, commonly implemented in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center solutions. To enable access to a VXLAN network, service access points (e.g., interfaces or sub-interfaces) must be configured on devices such as switches or routers acting as VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints (VTEPs). The question mentions two access modes: "Layer ? sub-interface" and "binding," with the task to fill in the layer acronym in uppercase letters.

Context Analysis:The missing layer is indicated by a "?" and is part of a sub-interface configuration. In networking, sub-interfaces are typically associated with Layer 3 (e.g., for VLAN tagging or VXLAN integration), where they handle IP routing or mapping to overlay networks.

Access Modes:

Layer 3 Sub-Interface:This mode involves configuring a sub-interface on a Layer 3 device (e.g., a router or Layer 3 switch) to terminate VXLAN tunnels and perform routing. The sub-interface is associated with a VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier) and often uses a Layer 3 protocol (e.g., BGP EVPN) to connect to the VXLAN overlay.

Binding:This likely refers to binding a VNI to a Bridge Domain (BD) or interface, a common practice in Huawei’s VXLAN configuration to map the overlay network to a physical or logical port. This can occur at Layer 2 or Layer 3, but the sub-interface context suggests Layer 3 involvement.

The question’s structure implies the layer number for the sub-interface mode, which isLayer 3in VXLAN contexts for routing and gateway functions. Thus, the acronym (digit) to enter is3.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VXLAN Configuration Guide; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VXLAN Access Methods.

Microsegmentation in Huawei’s data center networks (e.g., CloudFabric with SDN) divides Endpoint Groups (EPGs) to enforce fine-grained security policies. EPGs group endpoints (e.g., VMs) based on attributes. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Operating system:This is true. The OS type (e.g., Linux, Windows) can be used to segment EPGs, enabling policy enforcement based on OS-specific security needs.TRUE.

B. VM name:This is true. VM names can be used as identifiers for microsegmentation, allowing policies to target specific VMs.TRUE.

C. IP address:This is true. IP addresses are commonly used to define EPG boundaries, especially for network-based segmentation.TRUE.

D. MAC address:This is true. MAC addresses can segment EPGs, particularly for Layer 2-based policies or device-specific isolation.TRUE.

All optionsA, B, C, and Dare valid conditions for microsegmentation to divide EPGs in Huawei’s implementation.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Microsegmentation; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – EPG Configuration.

Layer 4 load balancing operates at the transport layer (OSI Layer 4), using TCP/UDP protocols to distribute traffic based on information like IP addresses and port numbers, without inspecting the application-layer content (Layer 7). Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Nginx:Nginx is a versatile web server and reverse proxy that supports both Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancing. In its Layer 4 mode (e.g., with the stream module), it balances TCP/UDP traffic, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. This is widely used in Huawei’s CloudFabric DCN solutions for traffic distribution.TRUE.

B. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol):PPP is a Layer 2 protocol used for establishing direct connections between two nodes, typically in WAN scenarios (e.g., dial-up or VPNs). It does not perform load balancing at Layer 4 or any layer, as it’s a point-to-point encapsulation protocol.FALSE.

C. LVS (Linux Virtual Server):LVS is a high-performance, open-source load balancing solution integrated into the Linux kernel. It operates at Layer 4, using techniques like NAT, IP tunneling, or direct routing to distribute TCP/UDP traffic across backend servers. It’s a core Layer 4 technology in enterprise DCNs.TRUE.

D. HAProxy:HAProxy is a high-availability load balancer that supports both Layer 4 (TCP mode) and Layer 7 (HTTP mode). In TCP mode, it balances traffic based on Layer 4 attributes, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. It’s commonly deployed in Huawei DCN environments.TRUE.

Thus,A (Nginx), C (LVS), and D (HAProxy)are Layer 4 load balancing technologies. PPP is not.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Load Balancing Section; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Network Traffic Management.

On Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, VXLAN tunnel monitoring and troubleshooting involve specific commands to diagnose issues such as tunnel Down status or failed dynamic establishment. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Run the display vxlan statistics command to check the cause of the fault:This command provides statistics on VXLAN tunnel traffic, including packet drops, encapsulation/decapsulation counts, and errors. It helps identify issues like misconfiguration or network congestion, making it a valid troubleshooting tool.TRUE.

B. Run the display vxlan peer command to check the cause of the fault on the peer device of the tunnel:This command displays information about VXLAN peers, including their IP addresses, VNIs, and reachability status. Checking the peer device’s status can reveal connectivity or configuration mismatches, aiding fault diagnosis.TRUE.

C. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check the causes of at most the latest five failures to dynamically establish a VXLAN tunnel:This command logs and displays troubleshooting details, including the latest five failure reasons for dynamic tunnel setup (e.g., BGP EVPN issues or reachability problems). This is a standard feature on Huawei CE switches.TRUE.

D. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check at most the latest five reasons why a VXLAN tunnel goes Down:This command also tracks reasons for tunnel Down events (e.g., underlay failure, peer unreachability), limited to the latest five incidents. This is consistent with Huawei’s troubleshooting capabilities.TRUE.

All optionsA, B, C, and Dare true, as they represent valid commands and approaches to troubleshoot VXLAN tunnel issues on Huawei CE switches.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Command Reference – VXLAN Commands; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Troubleshooting VXLAN.

In Huawei’s M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), the heartbeat link (or peer-link) ensures communication between member devices. A fault in this link can impact M-LAG operation. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. The fault that two master devices exist cannot be detected in the case of a peer-link fault:This is false. A peer-link fault can be detected, and mechanisms like dual-master detection (e.g., via Inter-Chassis Communication Link or ICC) can identify if both devices assume master roles, triggering corrective actions.FALSE.

B. An alarm is triggered:This is true. A peer-link fault generates an alarm to notify administrators, as it’s a critical failure in M-LAG operation, per Huawei’s fault management system.TRUE.

C. The fault protection mechanism is triggered:This is true. Huawei M-LAG includes protection mechanisms (e.g., failover to backup links or shutdown of conflicting interfaces) to mitigate peer-link faults and maintain service continuity.TRUE.

D. Services are affected:This is false. With proper configuration (e.g., redundant links or fast failover), services should not be affected by a peer-link fault, as M-LAG is designed for high availability. Impact depends on redundancy, but the design goal is uninterrupted service.FALSE.

Thus,A and Dare false statements because dual-master faults can be detected, and services are not necessarily affected with adequate redundancy.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG Fault Handling; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – M-LAG Reliability.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) tunnels are used to encapsulate Layer 2 traffic over a Layer 3 network, a key component in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center solutions. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. A VXLAN tunnel is identified by a pair of VTEPs:This is true. A VXLAN tunnel is identified by the pair of VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) IP addresses (local and remote), along with the VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier). This ensures unique tunnel identification.TRUE.

B. After a tunnel is established, if one end of the tunnel goes Down, the other end may not go Down:This is true. VXLAN tunnels are unidirectional, and the status of one end does not automatically affect the other unless the underlay network connectivity (e.g., Layer 3 reachability) is lost. The remote VTEP may remain operational if it can still encapsulate/decapsulate traffic.TRUE.

C. For a static tunnel, you need to manually configure the local and remote VNIs:This is true. In a static VXLAN tunnel, administrators must manually configure the VNI and VTEP IP addresses on both ends, as there is no dynamic control plane (e.g., BGP EVPN) to automate the process.TRUE.

D. Dynamic tunnels depend on EVPN Type 5 routes to transmit information:This is false. Dynamic VXLAN tunnels rely on BGP EVPN as the control plane, but Type 5 routes (IP Prefix routes) are specifically used for advertising host IP routes and external network routes, not for general tunnel establishment. Dynamic tunnel setup primarily uses Type 2 (MAC/IP Advertisement) and Type 3 (Multicast) routes to exchange VNI and VTEP information. Type 5 routes are relevant for Layer 3 routing, not the initial tunnel setup.FALSE.

Thus,Dis the false statement because dynamic tunnels depend on EVPN Type 2 and Type 3 routes, not Type 5, for initial establishment.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VXLAN Configuration Guide; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VXLAN Tunneling.

In a network overlay, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) tunnels extend Layer 2 networks over a Layer 3 underlay, commonly implemented in Huawei’s data center solutions. The endpoints of a VXLAN tunnel are VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints (VTEPs), which encapsulate and decapsulate traffic.

VTEP Roles:VTEPs can be physical switches (e.g., Huawei CloudEngine series), virtual switches (e.g., Open vSwitch on a hypervisor), or routers with VXLAN support. The endpoints are defined by their IP addresses, not their physical nature.

Deployment Flexibility:In modern data centers, VXLAN tunnels often connect physical switches to virtualized environments where VTEPs reside on hypervisors or servers hosting VMs. For example, a VM’s vNIC might connect to a virtual switch (VTEP) that tunnels to a physical switch VTEP. Thus, both endpoints are not always physical switches; one or both can be virtual.

The statement isFALSE (B)because both endpoints of a VXLAN tunnel are not necessarily physical switches; they can include virtual VTEPs in hypervisors or other devices.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VXLAN Overlay; CloudFabric VXLAN Deployment Guide.

Virtualization technologies enable the creation of virtual machines (VMs) by abstracting hardware resources. Open-source technologies are freely available with accessible source code. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Hyper-V:Hyper-V is a hypervisor developed by Microsoft, integrated into Windows Server and available as a standalone product. It is proprietary, not open-source, as its source code is not publicly available.Not Open-Source.

B. Xen:Xen is an open-source hypervisor maintained by the Xen Project under the Linux Foundation. It supports multiple guest operating systems and is widely used in cloud environments (e.g., Citrix XenServer builds on it). Its source code is freely available.Open-Source.

C. FusionSphere:FusionSphere is Huawei’s proprietary virtualization and cloud computing platform, based on OpenStack and other components. While it integrates open-source elements (e.g., KVM), FusionSphere itself is a commercial product, not fully open-source.Not Open-Source.

D. KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine):KVM is an open-source virtualization technology integrated into the Linux kernel. It turns Linux into a Type-1 hypervisor, and its source code is available under the GNU General Public License. It’s widely used in Huawei’s virtualization solutions.Open-Source.

Thus,B (Xen) and D (KVM)are open-source virtualization technologies.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Virtualization Technologies; Official Xen Project and KVM Documentation.

Huawei’s iMaster NCE-Fabric is an SDN controller for the CloudFabric data center network solution, providing network management and automation. The rollback feature allows administrators to revert configuration changes to previous states in case of errors. According to Huawei’s documentation, iMaster NCE-Fabric supportsfour rollback levels, enabling the system to store and restore up to four previous configuration versions. This ensures flexibility in undoing changes during network management tasks like upgrades or policy adjustments.

Options Analysis:

A. 3: Incorrect, as it underestimates the supported levels.

B. 4: Correct, aligning with Huawei’s specified rollback capability.

C. 2: Incorrect, as it is fewer than the supported levels.

D. 1: Incorrect, as it limits rollback to a single state, which is insufficient for complex management.

Thus, the answer isB (4).References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Features; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – SDN Controller Management.

Reliability in Huawei’s CloudFabric data centers is enhanced through various mechanisms. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Power supply redundancy:This is true. Redundant power supplies (e.g., dual PSUs) ensure uninterrupted operation during power failures, a key reliability feature.TRUE.

B. M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation):This is true. M-LAG provides high availability by allowing active-active forwarding and failover between switches, enhancing network reliability.TRUE.

C. Monitor Link:This is false. Monitor Link is a Huawei feature for link status monitoring, not a direct reliability enhancement mechanism like redundancy or clustering.FALSE.

D. Controller cluster:This is true. A clustered SDN controller (e.g., iMaster NCE-Fabric) ensures high availability and failover, improving network management reliability.TRUE.

Thus,A, B, and Denhance DC reliability.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Reliability Features; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – High Availability.

Traditional data center networks (DCNs) often suffer from single points of failure, limited scalability, and traffic bottlenecks. Both M-LAG and stacking address these issues, but their suitability for 24/7 service continuity differs.

M-LAG Benefits:M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation) on Huawei CE switches allows two devices to act as a single logical switch, providing active-active forwarding, high availability, and rapid failover (e.g., via peer-link synchronization). It supports non-stop service during device failures, making it ideal for 24/7 continuity.

Stacking Benefits:Stacking combines multiple switches into a single logical unit, sharing a control plane. While it improves scalability and simplifies management, a stack master failure can disrupt the entire stack unless redundancy is perfectly configured, potentially affecting service continuity.

Comparison:M-LAG’s decentralized design and real-time synchronization offer better fault isolation and recovery compared to stacking, where a master switch failure impacts the stack. Huawei documentation highlights M-LAG’s superiority for high-availability scenarios like 24/7 operations.

The statement isTRUE (A)because M-LAG is indeed a better choice than stacking for ensuring 24/7 service continuity due to its robust failover and redundancy features.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG vs. Stacking; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – High Availability Solutions.

A hypervisor is a software layer that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs) by abstracting physical resources from the underlying hardware. The question specifies that the hypervisor virtualizes "memory" and "input/output (I/O) resources," and the task is to provide the missing resource acronym in uppercase letters. In virtualization contexts, including Huawei’s FusionCompute or OpenStack with KVM, the primary physical resources virtualized by a hypervisor are:

CPU:The central processing unit (CPU) is virtualized to allocate processing power to VMs, enabling multi-tenancy and workload isolation.

Memory:Virtualized to provide RAM allocation to VMs, abstracted via memory management units (MMUs).

I/O Resources:Input/output resources (e.g., NICs, disks) are virtualized to allow VMs to communicate and store data, often through virtual NICs (vNICs) or virtual disks.

The question lists "memory" and "I/O resources" explicitly, implying the missing resource is CPU, as it completes the standard triad of virtualized resources in hypervisor design. Thus, the answer isCPU.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Virtualization Fundamentals; FusionCompute Architecture Guide.

EVPN (Ethernet VPN) is a control plane technology used with VXLAN to provide Layer 2 and Layer 3 services in data center networks, including Huawei’s implementations. EVPN routes are categorized into types, with Type 5 routes (IP Prefix routes) serving a specific purpose:

Type 5 Routes:These routes advertise IP prefixes and are used for inter-subnet routing, allowing communication between different VXLAN Virtual Network Identifiers (VNIs) or between VXLAN networks and external networks. They carry a Layer 3 VNI and IP prefix information, enabling routers or gateways to perform Layer 3 forwarding.

Usage Scope:Type 5 routes are not limited to hosts on a VXLAN network accessing external networks. They are also used by network devices (e.g., gateways, routers) within the EVPN domain to facilitate routing between subnets, including intra-VXLANcommunication. For example, a centralized gateway or distributed gateway can use Type 5 routes to route traffic within the data center or to external networks, not just host-initiated access.

The statement isFALSE (B)because Type 5 routes are not exclusively for hosts on a VXLAN network to access external networks; they support broader Layer 3 routing functions across the EVPN domain.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – EVPN Routing; CloudFabric EVPN Configuration Guide.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) tunnels are used to encapsulate Layer 2 traffic over a Layer 3 network, a key feature in Huawei’s data center solutions. The endpoints of a VXLAN tunnel are VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints (VTEPs), identified by their IP addresses.

Tunnel Identification:A VXLAN tunnel is uniquely identified by the pair of VTEP IPaddresses (local and remote), along with the VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier). This pair ensures the tunnel is specific to the communication path between the two VTEPs.

Tunnel Establishment:During setup, VTEPs exchange information to learn each other’s IP addresses. This can occur manually (static configuration) or dynamically (e.g., via BGP EVPN). The underlay network must provide Layer 3 reachability between the VTEP IP addresses, typically using routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, BGP) to ensure IP connectivity.

Reachability Condition:If the local and remote VTEP IP addresses are reachable at Layer 3, the tunnel can be established, allowing encapsulation and decapsulation of VXLAN traffic. This is a fundamental requirement in Huawei’s VXLAN implementation.

The statement isTRUE (A)because a VXLAN tunnel’s identification and establishment depend on reachable VTEP IP address pairs at Layer 3.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VXLAN Tunneling; CloudFabric VXLAN Deployment Guide.