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Systems software is software that provides a platform for other software and manages the basic functions of a computer. Examples of systems software include operating systems, device drivers, firmware, utility software, and boot loaders. Operating systems are the most important type of systems software, as they provide the foundational framework for all other software and applications to run on the computer. Linux and Unix are examples of operating systems that are widely used in various domains, such as servers, desktops, embedded systems, and supercomputers. Device drivers are another important type of systems software, as they allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and graphics cards. A device driver is a software component that acts as an interface between the hardware and the operating system, providing the necessary commands and data to control the device. Internet Explorer and Adobe Photoshop are not examples of systems software, but application software. Application software is software that allows users to perform specific tasks, such as browsing the web, editing images, creating documents, or playing games. Application software runs on top of the systems software and uses the services and resources provided by the operating system and the hardware. References: System software - Wikipedia, What is System Software? – Definition, Types, Examples and More, What is System Software: Definition, Types, Language Processors - Toppr.

 A relation is a type of association that describes how two or more entities are related to each other. A relation can have different properties, such as cardinality, optionality, and directionality, that specify the nature and constraints of the association. A relation can also have attributes that store information about the association. For example, a relation between Employee and Project entities can have an attribute called Role that indicates the role of each employee in each project. A relation can be represented by a line connecting the entities in an entity-relationship diagram (ERD). References: Association and Associative entity - IBM, When to use Associative entities? - Stack Overflow, [Entity-Relationship Model - Tutorialspoint].

 Managers today make Information Technology an integral part of their jobs because IT plays a fundamental role in both the structure and control of the modern business. IT enables managers to perform various tasks such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling more efficiently and effectively. IT also helps managers to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate with internal and external stakeholders, as well as to access, analyze, and interpret information for decision making. IT also supports innovation, creativity, and competitiveness in the dynamic and globalized environment. Therefore, managers need to have an excellent grasp of the functionality, capabilities, and effects of the technology that they implement and manage. References: