Free and Premium ECCouncil 312-76 Dumps Questions Answers

Data Archiving selects records for long-term retention and reference, as described.

Option B (Data Backup):Short-term protection, not long-term.

Option C (Data Restore):Recovery process, not retention.

Option D (Data Deletion):Opposite of retention.

“Data Archiving preserves historical records for long-term storage and future use, distinct from temporary backups” (Module: Data Archiving, Section: Archiving Definition).

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a dedicated high-speed network that separates storage devices from servers and user networks, providing centralized block-level storage access.

Option A (NAS):Network Attached Storage uses the user network, not a dedicated one.

Option B (SCSI):Small Computer System Interface, a protocol, not a network (likely a typo for SAS).

Option D (SAS):Serial Attached SCSI, a drive interface, not a network.

“SANs provide a dedicated storage network, isolating storage from server and user traffic for efficiency and security” (Module: Storage Technologies, Section: SAN Overview).

A Differential Backup copies all data changed since the last full backup, growing larger each time as more changes accumulate, matching Jonah’s observation of increasing storage use.

Option B (Online Data Backup):A delivery method, not a type.

Option C (Incremental Backup):Only backs up changes since the last backup, not growing as much.

Option D (Full System Backup):Copies everything, consistently large, not incremental growth.

“Differential Backups expand daily by capturing all changes since the last full backup, increasing storage needs with each run” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

A Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) is a fully virtualized infrastructure where storage, compute, and networking are abstracted and delivered as a service, aligning with the question’s description. It encompasses more than just storage, including processing capabilities.

Option A (Cloud-based Storage):Refers only to storage, not a full facility with processing.

Option B (Virtual Machines):Individual virtualized servers, not a complete facility.

Option D (Data Virtualization):Focuses on abstracting data access, not a full service facility.

EDRP v3 covers SDDC as an advanced virtualization concept for disaster recovery and service delivery (Module: Virtualization and Cloud Computing).

Virtualization creates multiple logical servers on one physical server, as Matt did to maximize resources.

Option A (Mirroring):Data duplication, not server creation.

Option C (Deduplication):Reduces redundancy, not server-related.

Option D (Snapshot):Point-in-time copies, not logical servers.

“Virtualization enables multiple logical servers on a single physical host, optimizing resource use for cost-effective operations” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Virtualization Basics).

A Virtual Tape Library (VTL) is a disk-based storage system designed to emulate traditional tape libraries, allowing organizations to use existing tape backup software with faster disk-based storage. It uses HDDs to mimic tape functionality, improving backup and recovery speed.

Option B (Mirroring):Involves duplicating data across drives, not emulating tape.

Option C (Disk-to-Disk):Refers to disk-based backups but not specifically tape emulation.

Option D (Snapshot):A point-in-time copy of data, not a tape-like system.

EDRP v3 covers VTL as a modern backup solution under storage technologies, noting its role in bridging tape and disk systems (Module: Data Backup and Recovery).

ISO/IEC 27005 is an information security risk management standard that requires identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks (like George’s exercise) to develop a mitigation plan. It fits his prioritization of electrical surges.

Option A (ISO 27001):Broad security management, not risk-specific.

Option B (INCITS 483-2012):Virtualization security, not risk management.

Option C (ISO 27031):ICT continuity, narrower than 27005.

“ISO/IEC 27005 guides organizations in risk identification, assessment, and prioritization, forming the basis for security and DR planning” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Standards).

Server Virtualization consolidates multiple physical servers into virtual machines on fewer hosts, reducing costs, optimizing resources, and lowering cooling needs, as Lisa requires.

Option A (VDI):Desktop-focused, not server optimization.

Option B (OS Virtualization):Container-based, less broad than server virtualization.

Option C (Replication):Duplicates servers, not cost-saving.

“Server Virtualization reduces physical server count, cutting maintenance and cooling costs while optimizing resource use” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Server Virtualization Benefits).

Bare Metal Recovery (BMR) restores a system from backups to a new, blank machine (no OS/software), automating the process to a prior state, as the IT team did.

Option B (System Restore):Windows feature, not full system recovery.

Option C (Mirroring):Real-time duplication, not recovery.

Option D (System Image):Similar, but less automated/full-system focus.

“Bare Metal Recovery automates full system restoration to new hardware from backups, ideal for rapid, accurate recovery” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Recovery Methods).

Three-tier architecture in decentralized computing consists of Client (presentation), Application Server (logic), and Database Server (data), as standard layers.

Option A/B/C:Include unrelated or incorrect terms (e.g., Peer-to-Peer).

“Three-tier architecture comprises Client, Application Server, and Database Server, decentralizing functions for scalability” (Module: Network Architectures, Section: Tiered Architectures).

Global Load Balancing routes traffic across geographically distributed servers (e.g., London to Mumbai) to optimize performance and handle server loss, as described.

Option A (High-Availability):Ensures uptime, not geographic routing.

Option C (Failover):Switches to a backup, not load distribution.

Option D (Network Load Balancing):Local load sharing, not global.

“Global Load Balancing distributes traffic across global servers, mitigating slowdowns from server loss by rerouting effectively” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Traffic Management).

Terminal Objectives are the specific milestones or end goals of a training program, ensuring the BC training aim is met.

Option A (Time-Related):Time-focused, not milestones.

Option B (Development):Process-oriented, not end goals.

Option C (Routine):Daily tasks, not training-specific.

“Terminal Objectives define the key milestones to achieve BC training goals, ensuring preparedness aligns with program aims” (Module: Training and Awareness, Section: Training Objectives).

Scalability refers to a system’s ability to handle increased demand by adding resources, such as Joan’s addition of virtual memory to accommodate traffic spikes and reduce delays.

Option A (Transparency):Hides system complexity, not resource expansion.

Option B (Openness):Relates to system accessibility, not capacity.

Option D (Monotonicity):A mathematical property, irrelevant here.

“Scalability enhances system performance by adding resources like memory or nodes to manage increased loads, critical for maintaining service levels” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Scalability Concepts).

Risk response strategies include Acceptance (tolerating risk), Mitigation (reducing risk), and Sharing (transferring risk, e.g., insurance). Safety is a goal or outcome, not a risk response strategy.

Option A/B/D:Standard risk responses.

Option C (Safety):Not a recognized strategy.

“Risk response strategies—acceptance, mitigation, and sharing—address identified risks; safety is an objective, not a strategy” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Risk Response Strategies).

The Data Protection Continuum is a conceptual framework (often depicted graphically) that illustrates various data protection tools and services, balancing their costs against recovery time objectives (RTO). It helps organizations choose appropriate strategies, from basic backups to advanced replication, based on cost and recovery speed.

Option A (3DR):Likely a typo or unrelated term; not a standard concept.

Option B (Continuous Data Protection):A specific technology, not a broad representation.

Option D (Data Backup):A general process, not a graphical framework.

“The Data Protection Continuum provides a visual model to evaluate data protection options, aligning tools like snapshots, CDP, and replication with cost and RTO requirements, aiding strategic decision-making” (Module: Data Protection Strategies, Section: Protection Frameworks).

The Review Phase of scenario training occurs after execution and involves a debrief with participants to gather feedback, assess performance, and identify improvements. This aligns with the question’s focus on obtaining feedback post-training.

Option A (Execution Phase):The active running of the scenario, no debrief yet.

Option C (Warning Phase):Not a standard phase; implies pre-event alerts.

Option D (Planning Phase):Prepares the scenario, not for feedback collection.

“The Review Phase follows scenario execution, involving a debrief to collect participant feedback and refine the training process” (Module: Training and Awareness, Section: Training Phases).

Risk Mitigation involves implementing measures (e.g., generator, malware protection) to reduce identified risks’ impact or likelihood, as Fred did.

Option A (Assessment):Evaluating risks, not acting.

Option B (Management):Broader process including mitigation.

Option C (Identification):Naming risks, not mitigating.

“Risk Mitigation applies specific actions to lessen the impact or probability of identified risks, such as power or email threats” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Mitigation Strategies).

A Differential Backup captures all files changed or added since the last full backup, growing with each run, as described.

Option B (Full System Backup):Copies all data, not just changes.

Option C (Incremental Backup):Changes since the last backup (any type), not full.

Option D (Online Data Backup):Delivery method, not a type.

“Differential Backup targets files modified since the last full backup, providing a cumulative change set for recovery” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture connects individual computers to share resources and workloads directly, eliminating reliance on a central server. Rick’s solution fits this model by distributing the load across team members’ computers.

Option A (Three Tier):Involves separate layers (e.g., presentation, application, data), not load distribution.

Option B (Client-Server):Relies on a central server, which Rick removed.

Option D (N-Tier):A multi-layered architecture, not applicable here.

“Peer-to-Peer architecture decentralizes processing, leveraging interconnected nodes to balance loads, useful in resource-constrained environments” (Module: Network Architectures, Section: Decentralized Systems).

Restoration involves repairing a damaged site or establishing a new one to enable operations, focusing on infrastructure recovery.

Option B (Resumption):Refers to restarting operations, not site repair/setup.

Option C (Response):Immediate actions during a disaster, not post-disaster site work.

Option D (Business Continuity):A broader strategy, not specific to site restoration.

EDRP v3 defines restoration as rebuilding or replacing physical infrastructure post-disaster (Module: Disaster Recovery Planning).

Assessment Scale: In risk management, an assessment scale is used to quantify the impact of a risk. This scale typically includes levels of severity (e.g., low, medium, high) and may assign numerical values to each level.

Recovery Time: Refers to the time it takes to restore systems or operations after a disruption.

Frequency: Refers to how often a risk is likely to occur.

Recovery Scale: While "recovery" is a related term, the scale used to determine the severity of the risk is the "assessment scale".

Domain Controller Servers manage user accounts and security policies within a domain (e.g., Active Directory).

Option B (IIS):Web servers, not domain management.

Option C (File Servers):Store files, not security policies.

Option D (Global Catalog):Directory subset, not policy enforcement.

“Domain Controller Servers store account data and enforce domain security policies, central to network management” (Module: Server Management, Section: Server Roles).

On-Premise Disk-Based Archiving uses local disk systems with tools for access and cataloging, incurring cooling and maintenance costs, as described.

Option A (Optical):Low cost, no cooling needs.

Option C (Legacy):Outdated systems, not specified here.

Option D (Cloud-Based):Offsite, minimal local maintenance costs.

“On-Premise Disk-Based Archiving offers accessible data cataloging with recurring costs for cooling and upkeep” (Module: Data Archiving, Section: Archiving Methods).

System Recovery is the process of restoring a system’s applications and data to a previous state within an acceptable timeframe, as described.

Option A (System Migration):Moving systems, not restoring.

Option B (System Backup):Creating copies, not restoration.

Option C (System Replication):Duplicating data, not recovery.

“System Recovery restores applications and data to a prior state within defined timeframes, ensuring operational continuity post-disaster” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Recovery Processes).

Walkthrough Testing involves team members reviewing the DR plan in a structured discussion to confirm effectiveness, identify bottlenecks, and uncover weaknesses, as Joan did.

Option B (Full Interruption):Live shutdown test, not discussion-based.

Option C (Parallel):Runs recovery alongside primary, not weakness-focused.

Option D (Simulation):Mimics disasters, not confirmation-based.

“Walkthrough Testing engages team members to validate DR plan effectiveness and pinpoint weaknesses through detailed review” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Types).

Qualitative Risk Assessment uses descriptive scales (e.g., Very High to Very Low) based on subjective judgment and interaction, as Jonathan did.

Option A (Quantitative):Numeric values, not descriptive.

Option B (Semi-Quantitative):Combines numbers and descriptions, not purely qualitative.

Option C (Semi-Qualitative):Not a standard term, likely a typo.

“Qualitative Risk Assessment ranks risks using descriptive categories like ‘Very High’ to ‘Very Low’ based on observation and input” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Assessment Methods).

The Cisco IOS command copy running-configuration ftp backs up the router’s running configuration to an FTP server, as Martin needs. Options A and B are invalid syntax (and duplicated).

Option D (tftp):Uses TFTP, not FTP.

“The copy running-configuration ftp command in Cisco IOS transfers the router config to an FTP server for backup” (Module: Network Device Management, Section: Cisco Backup Commands).

Physical data loss occurs due to physical damage to storage media (e.g., James damaging the hard drive), making data unreadable, as described.

Option A (Logical):Software or file system issues, not physical damage.

Option B (Natural Disaster):Environmental events (e.g., flood), not accidental damage.

Option D (Data Corruption):Data alteration, not physical inaccessibility.

“Physical data loss results from hardware damage, such as a broken hard drive, rendering data inaccessible due to physical failure” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Types of Data Loss).

Disaster Recovery (DR) encompasses restoring data, applications, and infrastructure post-disaster, ensuring business operations resume, aligning with the question’s broad scope.

Option A (Data Recovery):Limited to data, not applications or infrastructure.

Option C (Application Recovery):Focuses only on applications.

Option D (Recovery Management):A process, not the ability itself.

“Disaster Recovery restores data, applications, and infrastructure after a disaster, enabling business continuity” (Module: Disaster Recovery Planning, Section: DR Definition).

Grid Computing clusters computers in a distributed, parallel manner to solve large-scale problems, matching the question’s description.

Option A (Decentralized):Broad term, not specific to clustering.

Option C (Cloud Computing):Service-based, not necessarily parallel clustering.

Option D (Centralized):Opposite of distributed.

“Grid Computing leverages distributed, parallel clusters to process tasks collaboratively, enhancing computational resilience” (Module: Computing Models, Section: Grid Computing).

The Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is a standard developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) for packaging and distributing virtual machines and software. It ensures interoperability across virtualization platforms, making it a key virtualization standard.

Option A (PCI DSS):A security standard for payment cards, not virtualization-related.

Option B (CSA):An organization, not a standard, focused on cloud security.

Option C (vCloud API):A VMware-specific API, not a DMTF standard.

“The Open Virtualization Format (OVF), established by the DMTF, standardizes virtual machine packaging for portability and compatibility across platforms” (Module: Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Section: Virtualization Standards).

Time scales for assessment are a critical BIA consideration, defining the period over which impacts are evaluated (e.g., hours, days).

Option A/B/D:Mitigation strategies, not BIA components.

“BIA requires defining time scales for assessing disruption impacts, ensuring accurate prioritization of processes” (Module: Business Impact Analysis, Section: BIA Methodology).

The Disaster Management Executive Committee oversees high-level planning, research, development, and implementation of the disaster recovery plan across the organization, fitting the described role.

Option A:General team, not specific to development/implementation.

Option C:Chairpersons lead, not execute development.

Option D:Coordinators manage execution, not full development.

“The Disaster Management Executive Committee directs research, development, and organization-wide implementation of the DR plan” (Module: Disaster Recovery Teams, Section: Team Roles).

Recovery Point Objective (RPO) measures the data loss window, here 13 hours from the last backup (8:00 pm) to the disaster (9:00 am), not recovery time (8 hours). The ‘minus 13 hours’ phrasing is misleading; RPO is the correct term for potential data loss.

Option A (RTO):Time to restore (8 hours), not data loss.

Option B (MAO):Maximum downtime tolerance, not data-specific.

Option D (SPOF):A failure point, unrelated to time.

“RPO defines the time between the last backup and a disaster, indicating potential data loss, critical for planning” (Module: Recovery Metrics, Section: RPO Definition).

An Incremental Backup captures only files created or modified since the last backup (full or incremental), making it faster and less storage-intensive, as Kelly is doing.

Option A (Full Backup):Copies all data, not just changes.

Option B (Normal Backup):Synonym for full backup, not selective.

Option D (Differential Backup):Copies changes since the last full backup, not the last backup.

“Incremental Backups save only data changed since the last backup, optimizing speed and storage for frequent operations” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

A Snapshot is a point-in-time copy of a virtual machine’s state, including its data, configuration, and memory, taken at regular intervals. It allows Phil to revert to the last saved version after a crash, preserving the VM’s architecture. This is common in virtualization platforms like VMware or Hyper-V.

Option B (Mirroring):Duplicates data in real time, not a point-in-time backup.

Option C (CDP):Captures every change continuously, more granular than needed here.

Option D (D2D):Transfers data between disks, not specific to VM state capture.

“Snapshots provide point-in-time backups of virtual machines, capturing their full state for quick recovery, ideal for experimental or critical workloads” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: VM Backup Methods).

High Availability (HA) ensures continuous operation by automatically switching to backup components (like virtual memory) during a failure, minimizing downtime, as in ABC Inc.’s case.

Option A (Deduplication):Removes redundant data, not a failover feature.

Option C (Fault Tolerance):Prevents failure impact but typically implies no interruption, not a switch.

Option D (Mirroring):Duplicates data, a component of HA, but not the full feature.

“High Availability maintains operations through automatic failover to backup resources, ensuring business continuity during component failures” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Availability Features).

Durability in PASIS (Pittsburgh Advanced Survivable Information Storage) ensures data remains recoverable despite node failures, using redundancy and encoding, enabling James to retrieve data post-earthquake.

Option B (Availability):Ensures access, not recovery after loss.

Option C (Reaction):Not a PASIS feature.

Option D (Integrity):Ensures data accuracy, not recovery.

“Durability in PASIS architecture guarantees data recovery from failed nodes through redundancy and encoding, enhancing survivability” (Module: Survivable Storage Systems, Section: PASIS Features).

Non-Authoritative Active Directory Restoration is used to restore a domain controller’s Active Directory database from a backup when other domain controllers in the domain are still operational. It allows the restored server to synchronize with the intact servers, updating its directory to the current state. Since Zane’s other servers have intact Active Directories, this method ensures consistency without overwriting domain-wide data.

Option A (Server Migration):Involves moving services to a new server, not restoring AD.

Option B (Data Replication):A general process, not specific to AD restoration.

Option C (Authoritative Restoration):Used when the restored AD data must override others, not applicable here.

“Non-Authoritative Active Directory Restoration recovers a domain controller by leveraging replication from other intact controllers, ensuring domain consistency without forcing changes” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Active Directory Recovery).

Backup Integrity Testing is the process of verifying that backed-up data remains safe, secure, andreadable after operations such as updates, restores, or retrievals. This involves checking for corruption, ensuring data consistency, and confirming that the backup can be successfully restored. In disaster recovery, this is a critical step to ensure that backups are reliable when needed.

Option A (Database Authentication):Refers to verifying user access, not data integrity.

Option B (Database Consolidation):Involves merging databases, not testing backup integrity.

Option C (Database Integrity Testing):Focuses on database consistency, not specifically backup verification.

“Backup Integrity Testing ensures that data backups remain uncorrupted and usable post-operation. This process includes validation checks after updates or restores to guarantee recoverability, a key component of data protection strategies” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Validation Techniques).

An Incremental Backup only backs up files changed or added since the last backup (full or incremental), making it faster and less disruptive, ideal for Alan’s daily, small-volume needs.

Option B (Differential Backup):Backs up all changes since the last full backup, growing larger and slower over time.

Option C (Full System Backup):Copies everything, time-consuming and unnecessary here.

Option D (Online Data Backup):A method, not a type; could be any backup, but not specific.

“Incremental Backups minimize downtime by capturing only changes since the last backup, suitable for frequent, low-volume data updates” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

Bootrec /RebuildBCD repairs the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store, fixing boot manager corruption, as Matt needs for Windows Server 2012.

Option A (sfc /scannow):Scans system files, not boot-specific.

Option B (ntdsutil):Active Directory tool, not boot repair.

Option D (repadmin):Replication diagnostics, not boot-related.

“Bootrec /RebuildBCD in Windows recovery rebuilds the BCD store, resolving boot manager issues post-update” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Windows Recovery Commands).

Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a centralized storage solution connected to a network, allowing multiple users and devices to access and back up data efficiently. It’s ideal for Tom’s needs across multiple branches, offering centralized storage and simplified backup/recovery processes.

Option A (DAS):Direct Attached Storage is local to a single server, not centralized across a network.

Option C (PAS):This appears to be a typo; no such standard technology exists (possibly meant SAN or similar).

Option D (RAID):Redundant Array of Independent Disks enhances reliability but isn’t a centralized network solution.

EDRP v3 discusses NAS as a scalable, centralized storage option for backup and recovery in distributed environments (Module: Storage Technologies).

Windows Server Backup, accessed via Administrative Tools in Windows Server 2012, enables backup and restoration capabilities for Mike’s file server.

Option A:MMC is a framework, not the direct access point.

Option C/D (Server Migration):For server transitions, not backup.

“Windows Server Backup, launched from Administrative Tools, provides backup and restore functions in Windows Server 2012” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Windows Server Tools).

“Resume” refers to restarting or recommencing business operations post-disaster as systems become available, aligning with business continuity goals.

Option A (Return):Too vague, not a specific DR term.

Option C (Reduce):Unrelated to restarting operations.

Option D (Recover):Focuses on data/system restoration, not operational resumption.

EDRP v3 uses “resume” to describe the phase of restoring business functions after recovery (Module: Business Continuity Management).