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An experience fragment is a group of one or more components including content and layout that can be referenced within pages. Experience fragments allow authors to create variations for different channels and modify them for specific time periods. Experience fragments also support versioning and restoring previous versions. References:

To read a list of spoken languages from the configuration of an OSGi service, the correct snippet to use is Option B. This snippet demonstrates how to define and read the configuration properties using the OSGi R7 annotations (@ObjectClassDefinition and @AttributeDefinition), which are the recommended way for defining OSGi configurations in modern AEM projects.

Here is the detailed explanation of the snippet:

Option B Snippet Explanation:

Component Definition:

@Component(

service = { LanguageService.class }

)

@Designate(ocd = LanguageServiceImpl.Config.class)

public class LanguageServiceImpl implements LanguageService {

 This defines an OSGi component and designates a configuration class for it.

 Configuration Interface:

@ObjectClassDefinition(

name = "Sample - Language Service",

description = "OSGi Service providing information about languages"

)

@interface Config {

@AttributeDefinition(

name = "Sample Languages",

description = "List of spoken languages"

)

String[] languages() default { "English", "Japanese" };

}

 This defines the configuration interface with annotations to describe the configuration properties. The languages attribute is defined with a default value of {"English", "Japanese"}.

 Activate Method:

private String[] languages;

@Activate

protected void activate(Config config) {

this.languages = config.languages();

}

The activate method reads the configuration values and assigns them to the instance variable languages when the service is activated.

Here is the complete Option B code:

@Component(

service = { LanguageService.class }

)

@Designate(ocd = LanguageServiceImpl.Config.class)

public class LanguageServiceImpl implements LanguageService {

@ObjectClassDefinition(

name = "Sample - Language Service",

description = "OSGi Service providing information about languages"

)

@interface Config {

@AttributeDefinition(

name = "Sample Languages",

description = "List of spoken languages"

)

String[] languages() default { "English", "Japanese" };

}

private String[] languages;

@Activate

protected void activate(Config config) {

this.languages = config.languages();

}

// Additional methods to use the languages array

}

By using this approach, you ensure that your OSGi service can dynamically read and use the list of spoken languages specified in its configuration, making it adaptable to different environments and requirements.

References:

OSGi R7 Annotations

Adobe Experience Manager - OSGi Configuration

AEM as a Cloud Service does not support custom OSGi configuration runmodes, such as “config.author.staging”. Only specific OSGi configuration runmodes, such as “config.author” or “config.publish”, are supported. These runmodes are used to apply configurations to specific services, such as author or publish. The specific runmodes can be combined with environment variables to achieve different configurations for different environments. References:

The com.day.cq.workflow.exec.ParticipantStepChooser interface is intended for implementations that will define the participant dynamically. This interface replaces the deprecated com.day.cq.workflow.exec.ParticipantChooser interface. The method getDynamicParticipant returns the dynamically resolved Principal id based on the work item, workflow session and metadata map parameters.References:

AEM SPA integration provides various design models for different levels of authoring capabilities and developer control. In the design model where AEM is used as a headless CMS without using the SPA Editor SDK framework, the developer has full control over the app and can use any SPA framework or library. However, this also means that the content author cannot edit the app using AEM’s content authoring experience, the SPA is not compatible with the template editor, and the developer cannot enable authoring in restricted areas of the app.References:

Option B is a potential fix for the issue. Option B uses the data-sly-attribute block statement to add the href attribute to the anchor tag. The data-sly-attribute statement uses an expression to append “.html” to the item.path value. This way, the link will have the correct extension and will resolve to the corresponding page. References:

This syntax allows the developer to reference a secret variable that is stored in the Cloud Manager UI under Environment Details > Variables. The secret variable name must start with a lowercase letter and can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores.References:

The Deployment Manager is a role that can configure or run pipelines in Cloud Manager. The Deployment Manager can create and edit programs and environments, configure pipelines, start and cancel pipeline executions, and approve or reject deployments to production. The Deployment Manager role requires an IMS ID that is associated with the Adobe ExperienceCloud product profile. References:

To push a code fix into the current release candidate, the best practice is to cherry-pick the fix commit into the release candidate branch. Cherry-picking allows you to apply specific changes from one branch to another, ensuring that only the necessary fixes are included without introducing unrelated changes.

Here’s how to cherry-pick a commit:

Identify the Commit: Locate the commit hash of the fix you need to apply. This can be found in your version control system (e.g., Git).

Checkout the Release Candidate Branch:

git checkout release-candidate-branch

Cherry-pick the Commit:

git cherry-pick

Resolve Conflicts(if any): If there are conflicts, resolve them manually and then continue the cherry-pick process:

git add

git cherry-pick --continue

 Test the Changes: Ensure that the changes are tested thoroughly in the release candidate environment to confirm the fix works as expected.

 Push the Changes:

git push origin release-candidate-branch

Cherry-picking ensures that only the required changes are applied to the release candidate, maintaining the stability and integrity of the codebase.

References:

Git Cherry-pick Documentation

Option C is the correct implementation for the Sling Model. Option C uses the @Model annotation with the adaptables parameter set to Resource.class. This allows the Sling Model to adapt from a resource object and access its properties using the ValueMap interface. Option C also uses the @Inject annotation with the name parameter set to “./name” and “./occupations” to inject the values of the name and occupations properties into the name and occupations fields. Option C also uses the @Named annotation with the value parameter set to “byline” to specify the name of the Sling Model that can be used in HTL scripts. References:

To debug a CQ HTML client library in the AEM author instance, you need to add the query parameter debugClientLibs set to true. This parameter instructs AEM to include additional debugging information for client libraries, making it easier to troubleshoot issues with JavaScript, CSS, and other assets.

Steps to enable client library debugging:

Open the AEM Page: Navigate to the AEM page where you want to debug the client libraries.

Append the Query Parameter: Add ?debugClientLibs=true to the URL. For example:

Reload the Page: Refresh the browser page. AEM will now include debugging information for client libraries.

This parameter helps in identifying issues with client library loading, dependencies, and other client-side resources.

References:

Debugging Client Libraries in AEM

When performing an in-place upgrade to the latest version of AEM, there are several potential disadvantages to consider:

Long and Arduous Process:

The complexity and duration of the upgrade process can be significant, especially if there is a considerable version difference between the old and new AEM instances. This is because the upgrade process must account for all the changes and improvements made over multiple versions, including content structures, APIs, and underlying technologies.

References:AEM Upgrade Best Practices

Complex Developer Setup and Automation:

Upgrading AEM involves setting up and configuring the environment, updating custom code, and ensuring that all integrations work seamlessly. Automating these tasks can be complex and time-consuming, requiring significant developer effort to script and validate the upgrade process.

References:Automating AEM Upgrades

These disadvantages highlight the potential challenges and resource investments needed for an in-place upgrade.

To create Sling Models that can export data in a human-readable yaml format, the following steps are required:

Create Sling models to export as yaml. Sling models are Java classes that can be used to represent resources in AEM. Sling models can use annotations to define how they can be adapted from a resource and how they can export data in different formats. To export data in yaml format, the Sling model class needs to use the @Model annotation with the resourceType parameter set to the resource type of the resource that the model represents. The Sling model class also needs to implement the org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Exporter annotation with the name parameter set to “jackson” and the extensions parameter set to “yaml”. The Sling model class also needs to use the @JsonProperty annotation on the fields or methods that need to be exported in yaml format.

Configure mime type in Apache Sling MIME Type Service. The Apache Sling MIME Type Service is an OSGi service that maps file extensions to MIME types and vice versa. To enable the yaml format for Sling models, the MIME Type Service needs to be configured with a new entry for the yaml extension and its corresponding MIME type, which is “application/x-yaml”. This can be done by creating an OSGi configuration for the org.apache.sling.commons.mime.internal.MimeTypeServiceImpl service and adding the entry “yaml=application/x-yaml” to the mime.types property. References:

Creating a heap dump and a thread dump are two steps that should be taken after confirming the problem is related to a memory issue. A heap dump is a snapshot of the memory usage of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) at a given point in time. A heap dump can be used to identify memory leaks, memory consumption patterns, and objects that occupy large amounts of memory. A thread dump is a snapshot of the state of all threads that are part of the JVM process. A thread dump can be used to identify deadlocks, blocked threads, and CPU-intensive threads. References:

The recommended path to override /libs standard functionality is /apps. The /apps folder contains application-specific code and configuration that can extend or override the default functionality provided by /libs. The /apps folder has precedence over the /libs folder, meaning that if there are two resources with the same path under both folders, the one under /apps will be used. References:

The Apache Jackrabbit Oak External Login Module and Apache Jackrabbit Oak Default Sync Handler are the two OSGi configurations that are required for LDAP integration in AEM. The External Login Module defines how AEM connects to the LDAP server and authenticates users against it. The Default Sync Handler defines how AEM synchronizes users and groups from the LDAP server to the repository. References:

Backward Compatibility with the previous AEM Version is out of scope for the Pattern Detector tool, while doing an AEM upgrade. The Pattern Detector tool is a tool that scans an existing AEM code base and identifies patterns that are incompatible with AEM as a Cloud Service or newer versions of AEM on-premise. The tool does not check for backward compatibility with older versions of AEM, as this is not a requirement for upgrading. References:

A proxy component is a site-specific component that inherits from a core component and allows customization of the component name, group, dialog, and behavior. A proxy component can refer to any version of the core component by changing the sling:resourceSuperType property. A custom sling model can be used to implement the logic for adding the page title as prefix to the text property. A component template can be used to define the layout of the component.

To generate a test coverage report for an AEM project using the latest archetype, the correct plugin to use is the maven-surefire-plugin (Option A). The maven-surefire-plugin is a part of the Maven ecosystem and is widely used to run unit tests within a Maven project. This plugin can be configured to generate detailed test reports, including HTML versions, which can be easily shared with clients.

Here’s how to configure the maven-surefire-plugin to generate test coverage reports:

Add the Plugin to the POM File: Add the maven-surefire-plugin configuration in your pom.xml file:

org.apache.maven.plugins

maven-surefire-plugin

2.22.2

${project.build.directory}/surefire-reports

html

false

Execute the Maven Command: Run the following command to execute the tests and generate the coverage report:

mvn clean test

Locate the Report: The HTML test coverage report will be generated in the target/surefire-reports directory of your project.

References:

Maven Surefire Plugin Documentation

An AEM Developer should add a front-end dependency in the package.json file. The package.json file is a standard configuration file for managing dependencies in JavaScript projects, including those using npm or Yarn as package managers.

Here’s how to add a front-end dependency:

Open the package.json File: This file is typically located at the root of your project.

Add the Dependency: Add the required front-end dependency under the dependencies or devDependencies section. For example, to add lodash as a dependency:

{

"name": "my-aem-project",

"version": "1.0.0",

"dependencies": {

"lodash": "^4.17.21"

}

}

Install the Dependency: Run the following command to install the new dependency:

npm install

Verify Installation: Ensure that the dependency has been added to the node_modules directory and is listed in the package-lock.json file.

The package.json file is the central place to manage all front-end dependencies, making it easy to track, update, and share dependencies across the development team.

References:

npm Documentation

Managing Dependencies in AEM Projects

These steps ensure that the front-end dependencies are managed efficiently and consistently within the AEM project.

JUnit and Mockito are two unit testing dependencies that are generated by AEM archetype. JUnit is a framework for writing and running unit tests in Java. Mockito is a framework for creating and using mock objects in unit tests. AEM archetype also adds Apache Sling Mocks and AEM Mocks Test Framework by io.wcm as dependencies for unit testing. References: