Free and Premium SAP C_HANADEV_18 Dumps Questions Answers

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, declarative logic in SQL Script is a way of expressing complex data transformations by means of classical relational operators, such as selection, projection, join, aggregation, etc. Declarative logic does not specify how data is processed, but rather what the desired result is. The SAP HANA database has the freedom to optimize the data flow and execution plan, which may result in better performance. Declarative logic is free of side effects, meaning that it does not modify any data or state outside the scope of the statement. Declarative logic declares the flow of data, meaning that it binds new variables that are referenced elsewhere in the body of the procedure or function. The other options are incorrect, because:

• Declarative logic does not support the full set of SQL Script, but only a subset of SQL features that are side-effect free and deterministic. For example, declarative logic does not support imperative constructs, such as loops, conditions, exceptions, etc.
• Declarative logic does not define how data is processed, but rather what the desired result is. How data is processed is determined by the SAP HANA database optimizer, which may choose different execution plans depending on the data characteristics, system resources, and other factors.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

 SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XS advanced) provides a comprehensive platform for the development and execution of micro-service oriented applications, taking advantage of SAP HANA’s in-memory architecture and parallel execution capabilities1. XS advanced supports several programming languages and execution environments, such as Java and Node.js, and also provides compatibility with XS classic model2. To develop native SAP HANA applications in XS advanced, you can use the following new components:

• Git repository: XS advanced integrates with Git, a distributed version control system, to manage the source code of your applications. You can use Git to clone, create, push, pull, merge, and branch your projects, and also to collaborate with other developers3.
• SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA: XS advanced provides a web-based integrated development environment (IDE) that allows you to create, edit, test, debug, and deploy your applications. SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA supports various development tools and features, such as editors, wizards, templates, code completion, syntax highlighting, code analysis, debugging, testing, and deployment3.

The other options are not correct because:

• SAP HANA repository: This is a component of XS classic model, not XS advanced. The SAP HANA repository stores the design-time artifacts of your applications, such as views, procedures, and scripts. In XS advanced, the design-time artifacts are stored in Git repositories instead4.
• SAP HANA studio: This is a desktop-based IDE that can be used to develop applications for XS classic model, but not for XS advanced. SAP HANA studio provides various perspectives and tools to access and manage the SAP HANA database, such as the administration console, the catalog, the content, and the security4.

References: 2: SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model 4: SAP HANA Extended Application Services 1: SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model 3: SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model (SAP Web IDE)

The correct action is to define a User Details view using select on the user entity and using the association to read the address information. This way, you can leverage the power of CDS associations to create a join between the user and address entities without explicitly specifying the join condition. You can also use the association path to access the address fields in the view definition. This approach simplifies the data model and avoids redundancy. Option A is incorrect because it selects from the address entity instead of the user entity, which is not the desired output. Option B is incorrect because it extends the user entity with address columns, which is unnecessary and violates the normalization principle. Option D is incorrect because it creates a calculation view instead of a CDS view, which is not the requirement. Calculation views are graphical or scripted views that can be used for complex calculations and data transformations, but they are not CDS artifacts. References:

• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Application Development for SAP HANA1, Section 2.2.2, p. 32-33
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Core Data Services for SAP HANA2, Section 2.3, p. 25-26
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Calculation View Modeling3, Section 1.1, p. 7

SAP HANA calculation views are flexible information views that you can use to define more advanced slices on the data available in the SAP HANA database. Calculation views can be created using graphical or script-based editors, and can include any combination of tables, column views, attribute views, analytic views, and other calculation views. Calculation views can also support complex expressions, multidimensional analysis, currency conversion, hierarchies, and other analytic capabilities. Some general characteristics of calculation views are:

• Need database tables to execute. Calculation views are based on the data stored in the SAP HANA database tables, either in column or row format. Calculation views can access data from local or remote tables, as well as virtual tables that are mapped to external data sources. Calculation views can also use data from other information views, such as attribute views or analytic views, which are also based on database tables. Calculation views do not store any data themselves, but rather perform calculations on the fly when queried.
• Do NOT need an application server to execute. Calculation views are executed by the SAP HANA Calculation Engine, which is a component of the SAP HANA database that handles the processing of complex calculations and transformations on the data. Calculation views do not require any application server or middleware layer to run, as they are directly exposed to the reporting tools and applications via SQL or MDX interfaces. Calculation views can also be accessed by SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XS advanced), which is a framework for developing and running applications on the SAP HANA platform.

The other options are incorrect because calculation views do not need an application server to execute, nor do they not need database tables to execute. These are the opposite of the correct characteristics of calculation views. References:

• Using Calculation Views - SAP Help Portal
• Calculation View Instantiation Process - SAP Help Portal
• SAP HANA Calculation Engine - SAP Help Portal
• SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model - SAP Help Portal
• [HA300 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Modeling] - SAP Training

 The UNNEST operator is an SQL Script element that transforms a set of arrays into an intermediate table variable. The UNNEST operator takes one or more array expressions as input and returns a table variable with one or more columns, each corresponding to an array expression. The table variable has as many rows as the maximum length of the input arrays, and the values in each column are taken from the corresponding array elements. If an input array has fewer elements than the maximum length, the missing values are padded with NULLs. The UNNEST operator can be used in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement, or in the INTO clause of a SET statement.

For example, suppose you have two arrays A and B, where A = [1, 2, 3] and B = [4, 5]. You can use the UNNEST operator to transform them into a table variable T as follows:

SET T = UNNEST (A, B);

The result is:

Table

A

B

1

4

2

5

3

NULL

You can also use the UNNEST operator to transform an array of complex types, such as structs or tables, into a table variable with multiple columns. For example, suppose you have an array C of struct type, where C = [{x: 1, y: 2}, {x: 3, y: 4}]. You can use the UNNEST operator to transform it into a table variable U as follows:

SET U = UNNEST (C.x, C.y);

The result is:

Table

C.x

C.y

1

2

3

4

The following SQL Script elements are not used to transform a set of arrays into an intermediate table variable, but for other purposes:

• OSET: This is a data type that represents an ordered set, which is a collection of distinct values that preserves the order of insertion. OSETs can be used to store and manipulate ordered data, such as ranking or sorting results. OSETs can be created by using the OSET constructor or the OSET_AGG aggregate function.
• ARRAY: This is a data type that represents an array, which is a collection of values that can have duplicates and are accessed by their position. Arrays can be used to store and manipulate complex or multi-dimensional data, such as matrices or tensors. Arrays can be created by using the ARRAY constructor or the ARRAY_AGG aggregate function.
• UNSET: This is not a valid SQL Script element, but a possible typo for UNNEST.

References:

• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 2: SQL Data Types and Literals, Section 2.2: Collection Types, Subsection 2.2.2: Array Type, pp. 36-38.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 2: SQL Data Types and Literals, Section 2.2: Collection Types, Subsection 2.2.3: Ordered Set Type, pp. 38-40.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 3: SQL Expressions, Section 3.6: Collection Expressions, Subsection 3.6.2: UNNEST Operator, pp. 69-70.

 When a user is dropped with the “cascade” option, the user and all the objects owned by the user are deleted from the database. However, the objects that are owned by other users, or on which other users have privileges, are not affected by the drop command. The privileges granted to or by the dropped user are also revoked automatically. Therefore, the objects on which other users have privileges are not dropped, and the objects owned by other users are not dropped12.

The other options are not correct because they are not the consequences of dropping a user with the “cascade” option. The objects on which other users have privileges are not dropped, because they are not owned by the dropped user, and they may still be needed by the other users. The objects owned by other users are not dropped, because they are not related to the dropped user, and they may have dependencies or references to other objects. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, SQL Reference Manual, SQL Statements, DROP USER
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Administration Guide, Security, User Management, Dropping Users

 The application descriptor file (xs-app.json) is a JSON file that defines the routing and authentication configuration for an HTML5 module in a multi-target application (MTA) project. It is located in the root folder of the HTML5 module and is used by the managed application router to dispatch requests to the appropriate destinations and to authenticate users. Some of the key words that are contained in the xs-app.json file are:

• routes: This is an array of objects that specify the rules for forwarding requests to the back-end microservices or destinations. Each route object has a source property that defines a regular expression to match the request path, and a destination property that defines the name of the destination to which the request should be forwarded. Optionally, a route object can also have other properties, such as authentication, csrfProtection, service, or scope, to further configure the routing behavior.
• authenticationMethod: This is a property that defines the authentication method to be used for the HTML5 module. It can have one of the following values: route, which means that the authentication method is defined by the route configuration; none, which means that no authentication is required; or approuter, which means that the authentication is delegated to the approuter service. The authenticationMethod property can be set at the global level for the entire HTML5 module, or at the route level for a specific route.

The following key words are not contained in the xs-app.json file, but in other files related to the MTA project:

• role-templates: This is an array of objects that define the roles and their corresponding scopes and attributes for the application. The role-templates are defined in the xs-security.json file, which is the application security descriptor file that specifies the security configuration for the application. The xs-security.json file is located in the root folder of the db module and is used by the User Account and Authentication (UAA) service to manage the authorization and trust management for the application.
• tenant-mode: This is a property that defines the tenant mode for the application. It can have one of the following values: dedicated, which means that the application runs in a dedicated schema for each tenant; shared, which means that the application runs in a shared schema for all tenants; or mixed, which means that the application runs in a mixed mode depending on the tenant context. The tenant-mode property is defined in the mta.yaml file, which is the deployment descriptor file that specifies the metadata and dependencies for the MTA project. The mta.yaml file is located in the root folder of the MTA project and is used by the Cloud Foundry environment to deploy the application.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.2: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 101-104.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 4: Developing HTML5 Applications, Section 4.1: Developing HTML5 Applications Using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 4.1.3: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 77-80.

 The SAP HANA system views that contain information about the object ownership are SCHEMAS and ROLES. The SCHEMAS view provides information about the schemas in the database, including the owner of each schema1. The ROLES view provides information about the roles in the database, including the owner of each role2. The object ownership indicates who has the right to grant or revoke privileges on the object, or to alter or drop the object3.

The other two options, TABLES and OBJECTS, do not contain information about the object ownership. The TABLES view provides information about the tables in the database, but not the owner of each table4. The OBJECTS view provides information about the objects in the database, such as views, procedures, functions, etc., but not the owner of each object5. References: 1: SCHEMAS System View | SAP Help Portal 2: ROLES System View | SAP Help Portal 3: Object Ownership | SAP Help Portal 4: TABLES System View | SAP Help Portal 5: OBJECTS System View | SAP Help Portal

 To see the commits applied to the file in the remote Git repository without syncing the file, you need to use the git fetch command. This command downloads the latest changes from the remote repository to your local repository, but does not merge them with your local branches. This way, you can inspect the differences between your local and remote files, and decide whether to merge them later or not. You can use the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or the command line to execute the git fetch command. The other options are incorrect because they either sync the file or do not download the changes from the remote repository. The git stash command saves your local changes to a temporary stash and reverts your working directory to the last commit. This command is useful when you want to switch branches or pull changes without committing your local changes, but it does not download the changes from the remote repository. The git merge command combines the changes from one branch into another branch. This command is useful when you want to sync your local branch with the remote branch, but it does not allow you to see the commits applied to the file before merging. The git pull command fetches and merges the changes from the remote repository into your local branch. This command is useful when you want to update your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch, but it does not allow you to see the commits applied to the file before merging. References:

• Git Fetch - SAP Help Portal
• Git Merge - SAP Help Portal
• Git Pull - SAP Help Portal
• Git Stash - SAP Help Portal
• HA100 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Introduction - SAP Training

Associations are used in the persistence model for SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XS advanced) to define the multiplicity and key of an entity relation. An entity relation is a logical connection between two entities, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. Multiplicity specifies how many instances of one entity can be related to one instance of another entity. Key specifies which attributes of the related entities are used to identify and join the instances. Associations are defined using the Core Data Services (CDS) language, which is a declarative language for modeling data structures and services. Associations are part of the CDS entity definition, and they can be used to navigate from one entity to another, and to filter, aggregate, or project data from the target entity12.

The other options are not correct because they are not the purposes of using associations in the persistence model for XS advanced. Associations do not enforce database-level constraints, such as primary keys, foreign keys, or check constraints. These constraints are defined separately using the CDS annotations or the SQL DDL statements. Associations do not define the relationships between contexts and views, which are different types of CDS artifacts. A context is a namespace for grouping related CDS artifacts, such as entities, views, types, or associations. A view is a CDS artifact that defines a data model based on one or more entities or other views, and applies filters, joins, aggregations, or other operations on the data. Associations do not set relationships between multiple contexts, which are independent from each other and do not have any logical connection. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Web Workbench, Core Data Services
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Database Modules, Developing Core Data Services Models, Defining Associations

The SQL Script Code Analyser is a tool that scans SQL Script code for potential issues and provides suggestions for improvement. The tool can be accessed from the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or from the SAP HANA database explorer. The tool scans for issues in the following categories:

• Performance: This category covers issues that may affect the execution time or resource consumption of the SQL Script code, such as inefficient joins, missing indexes, unnecessary data transfers, etc. The tool provides recommendations for optimizing the code, such as using parallel processing, avoiding nested loops, using table variables, etc.
• Security: This category covers issues that may expose the SQL Script code to security risks, such as SQL injection, privilege escalation, data leakage, etc. The tool provides recommendations for securing the code, such as using parameterized queries, escaping literals, applying proper authorization checks, etc.
• Consistency: This category covers issues that may affect the readability, maintainability, or portability of the SQL Script code, such as coding style, naming conventions, documentation, compatibility, etc. The tool provides recommendations for improving the code quality, such as using consistent indentation, avoiding hard-coded values, adding comments, following best practices, etc.

The other options are incorrect because privileges and business logic are not issue categories that the SQL Script Code Analyser scans for. Privileges are handled by the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure framework, which automatically grants the necessary privileges to the technical users and roles that access the HDI container objects. Business logic is the domain-specific logic that defines the functionality and behavior of the SQL Script code, and it is not within the scope of the tool to verify or validate it. References:

• SQL Script Code Analyzer - SAP Help Portal
• SQL Script Code Analyzer in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA - SAP Help Portal
• SQL Script Code Analyzer in SAP HANA Database Explorer - SAP Help Portal
• HA150 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 SQLScript for SAP HANA - SAP Training

SAPUI5 is a JavaScript-based UI framework that enables the development of web applications that run on various devices and platforms. SAPUI5 has the following characteristics12:

• Provides an extensibility concept: SAPUI5 allows developers to extend or customize the standard UI components, such as controls, views, or controllers, to meet specific requirements or scenarios. SAPUI5 also supports the creation of custom UI components, which are reusable and modular UI elements that can be integrated into other SAPUI5 applications.
• Enables responsive application design: SAPUI5 supports the development of responsive applications, which are applications that adapt to different screen sizes, orientations, and resolutions, and provide a consistent and optimal user experience across different devices. SAPUI5 provides various layout options, such as grids, panels, or flexboxes, to arrange the UI elements according to the available space. SAPUI5 also provides various UI patterns, such as master-detail, split-screen, or full-screen, to organize the application content and navigation according to the device type.
• Supports customer-specific theming: SAPUI5 allows developers to apply different themes to the UI components, such as colors, fonts, icons, or backgrounds, to match the branding or style of the customer or the application. SAPUI5 provides a set of predefined themes, such as SAP Fiori, SAP Belize, or SAP Quartz, that follow the SAP design guidelines and principles. SAPUI5 also provides tools, such as the UI Theme Designer or the SAPUI5 Theme Builder, to create or modify custom themes.

The other options are not correct because they are not characteristics of SAPUI5. SAPUI5 does not render the UI on the server side, but rather on the client side, in the browser or the device that accesses the application. SAPUI5 does not provide a device-specific user experience, but rather a device-agnostic user experience, which means that the application can run on any device and platform without requiring any changes or adaptations. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, Developing Applications with SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Developing Multi-Target Applications, Developing HTML5 Modules, Developing SAPUI5 Applications
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Developing SAP Fiori Applications, Developing SAPUI5 Applications

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, to perform a specific task of an XS advanced application, a user needs to have directly assigned a role collection. A role collection is a set of roles that grant the user the necessary privileges and authorizations to access and use the application. A role collection can be assigned to a user either directly by an administrator, or indirectly by a workflow or a self-service. The other options are incorrect, because:

• To have directly assigned a scope is not a way to perform a specific task of an XS advanced application, but a way to limit the access of a user to a subset of resources within an application. A scope is a qualifier that can be added to a role to restrict the user’s access to a specific resource, such as a space, an organization, or a service instance. A scope does not grant any privileges or authorizations by itself, but only modifies the existing ones.
• To be assigned to an organization is not a way to perform a specific task of an XS advanced application, but a way to group users and resources in a logical unit. An organization is a container that holds spaces, users, applications, and services. An organization can have one or more spaces, which are isolated environments for developing, deploying, and running applications. A user can belong to one or more organizations, but can only perform tasks in the spaces that they are assigned to.
• To be assigned to a space is not a way to perform a specific task of an XS advanced application, but a way to access a specific environment for developing, deploying, and running applications. A space is a sub-container within an organization that holds applications and services. A space can have one or more users, who can have different roles and permissions depending on their tasks. A user can belong to one or more spaces within an organization, but can only perform tasks in the spaces that they are assigned to.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA graphical editor for Core Data Services (CDS) data models allows you to specify the following elements12:

• Entity: An entity is a CDS artifact that defines a data structure with attributes, keys, and associations. An entity can be mapped to a database table or view, or it can be used as a source for another entity or a calculation view. You can create an entity by dragging the entity icon from the palette to the canvas, and then defining its properties and attributes in the properties panel.
• Context: A context is a CDS artifact that defines a namespace for other CDS artifacts, such as entities, views, types, or associations. A context can be used to organize and group related CDS artifacts, and to avoid name conflicts. You can create a context by dragging the context icon from the palette to the canvas, and then defining its name and description in the properties panel. You can also add other CDS artifacts to the context by dragging them from the project explorer or the palette to the context node in the canvas.
• Association: An association is a CDS artifact that defines a relationship between two entities, based on a join condition. An association can be used to navigate from one entity to another, and to filter, aggregate, or project data from the target entity. You can create an association by dragging the association icon from the palette to the canvas, and then connecting it to the source and target entities. You can also define the cardinality, join condition, and exposed attributes of the association in the properties panel.

The other options are not correct because they are not elements that can be specified with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA graphical editor for CDS data models. A synonym is a database object that provides an alternative name for another database object, such as a table, view, or procedure. A synonym is not a CDS artifact, and it cannot be created or edited with the graphical editor. A procedure is a database object that contains a set of SQL statements that perform a specific task. A procedure can be created or edited with the SQL editor, but not with the graphical editor. A procedure can also be exposed as a CDS artifact, but it cannot be specified with the graphical editor. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Web Workbench, Core Data Services
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Core Data Services Models, Using the Graphical Editor

An OData service is a web service that exposes data from a data source, such as a SAP HANA database, in a standardized and interoperable format. An OData service consists of one or more entity sets, which are collections of entities of the same type. An entity is a data object that has properties and a unique key. An OData service can also define associations between entity sets, which are relationships that specify how entities are related to each other. For example, an association can define a one-to-many or a many-to-many relationship between two entity sets. Associations enable an OData service to combine data from different database tables within the same service. For example, an OData service can define an association between a Products entity set and a Categories entity set, where each product belongs to one category and each category can have multiple products. This association can be used to query or update data from both entity sets in a single request.

The other options are incorrect because they are not capabilities that can be used to combine data from different database tables within an OData service. Aggregations are operations that summarize or group data, such as count, sum, average, or min/max. Projections are operations that select or filter data, such as select, expand, or filter. Entity sets are collections of entities of the same type, but they do not define relationships between entities. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.6

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is a web-based development tool that allows you to create and manage multi-target applications (MTAs) that use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is itself an XS advanced application that runs on the XS advanced runtime and can be accessed via a URL. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you can use the following XS advanced tools:

• XS advanced Controller Start Screen: This is a web-based tool that provides an overview of the XS advanced environment and the available applications and services. You can access the XS advanced Controller Start Screen by opening the URL https://:330/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the XS advanced Controller Start Screen, you can see the list of applications and their URLs under the Applications tab. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and click on its URL to open it in a new tab.
• XS Advanced command-line client tool: This is a command-line tool that allows you to perform various operations on the XS advanced environment and the applications and services. You can access the XS Advanced command-line client tool by opening a terminal and entering the command xs. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you need to first log in to the XS advanced environment by entering the command xs login and providing your credentials. Then, you need to switch to the SAP space by entering the command xs target -s SAP, where the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application is deployed. Finally, you need to list the applications and their URLs by entering the command xs apps. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and copy its URL to open it in a browser.

The following tools are not used to retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, but for other purposes:

• Runtime tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to monitor and manage the runtime components of the XS advanced environment, such as applications, services, processes, and logs. You can access the Runtime tool by opening the URL https://:332/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Runtime tool, you can see the status and details of the applications and services, but not their URLs.
• Organization and Space Management tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to create and manage the organizational units of the XS advanced environment, such as organizations and spaces. You can access the Organization and Space Management tool by opening the URL https://:331/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Organization and Space Management tool, you can see the list of organizations and spaces and their quotas and roles, but not the applications and their URLs.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, p. 101.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, p. 17.

To exclusively use declarative logic in an SQL Script procedure, you can use TABLE variables and MAP_REDUCE functions. TABLE variables are variables that store intermediate results of SQL queries in a tabular format. You can use TABLE variables to define data transformations and data flows without using imperative statements or side effects1. MAP_REDUCE functions are functions that apply a map function to each row of a table and then aggregate the results using a reduce function. You can use MAP_REDUCE functions to implement complex algorithms and calculations in a declarative way2.

The other two options, COMMIT statement and IF condition, are not operators that can be used to exclusively use declarative logic in an SQL Script procedure. COMMIT statement is a statement that ends a transaction and makes all changes permanent in the database. You cannot use COMMIT statement in a declarative logic, as it is an imperative statement that has a side effect3. IF condition is a condition that executes a block of code based on a boolean expression. You cannot use IF condition in a declarative logic, as it is an imperative construct that introduces control flow4. References: 1: TABLE Variables | SAP Help Portal 2: MAP_REDUCE Function | SAP Help Portal 3: COMMIT Statement | SAP Help Portal 4: IF Statement | SAP Help Portal

 According to the SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, the following statements can be used when implementing transaction management logic in SQLScript using savepoints:

• Savepoint: Creates a savepoint with a specified name within the current transaction. A savepoint marks a point in the transaction that can be rolled back to without affecting the rest of the transaction. For example, SAVEPOINT sp1;
• Rollback to savepoint: Rolls back the current transaction to the specified savepoint. All changes made after the savepoint are undone, but the transaction remains active. For example, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp1;
• Release savepoint: Releases the specified savepoint and all subsequent savepoints. The released savepoints are no longer valid and cannot be rolled back to. For example, RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp1;

The other options are incorrect, because:

• Reverse savepoint is not a valid statement in SQLScript. There is no such statement in the SAP HANA SQLScript Reference.
• Alter system savepoint is not a statement that can be used in SQLScript, but a statement that can be used in SQL. It triggers a savepoint operation for the entire database system, not for a specific transaction. It is used for administrative purposes, such as backup and recovery, not for transaction management logic.

References: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

To complete the navigation definition from the customer entity set to the corresponding sales orders, you need to insert an association statement between the two entity sets. An association defines a relationship between two entity sets based on a referential constraint, which specifies the foreign key and the principal key properties that link the entity sets. An association also defines the cardinality and the role names of the entity sets involved in the relationship1. In this case, the association statement should look something like this:

association Customer_Orders with referential constraint principal customer key CustomerID dependent Orders key CustomerID multiplicity “1” to “*”;

This statement defines an association named Customer_Orders that relates the customer entity set with the Orders entity set based on the CustomerID property. The principal role is assigned to the customer entity set, which means that each customer entity can have zero or more related Orders entities. The dependent role is assigned to the Orders entity set, which means that each Orders entity must have exactly one related customer entity2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Aggregation: This is a feature of calculation views that allows you to define measures and attributes for analytical queries. It is not related to OData service definitions3.
• Key specification: This is a clause that you use to define the key properties of an entity type in an OData service definition. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets1.
• Join condition: This is a clause that you use to specify how to join two tables or views in a SQL statement. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets4.

References: 1: OData Service Definition Language Syntax (XS Advanced) 2: OData Service-Definition Examples 3: Creating Calculation Views 4: SQL Reference Manual

An OData V2 service is a web service that exposes data from a data source, such as a SAP HANA database, in a standardized and interoperable format based on the OData protocol version 2.0. An OData V2 service consists of one or more entity sets, which are collections of entities of the same type. An entity is a data object that has properties and a unique key. An OData V2 service can also define associations between entity sets, which are relationships that specify how entities are related to each other. An OData V2 service can also define function imports, which are operations that can be invoked by the client to perform specific tasks.

An OData V2 service exposes a data model that describes the structure and semantics of the data and the operations that are supported by the service. The data model is represented in an XML document that conforms to the OData Metadata XML Schema. The data model contains information such as the entity types, the entity sets, the associations, the function imports, the namespaces, the annotations, and the service document.

To view the data model exposed by an OData V2 service, you need to append the $metadata system query option to the service URL. The $metadata system query option requests the metadata document of the service. For example, if the service URL is then the metadata document URL is The metadata document URL can be accessed by any HTTP client, such as a web browser, and it returns the XML representation of the data model.

The other options are incorrect because they are not system query options that can be used to view the data model exposed by an OData V2 service. $schema is not a valid system query option in OData V2. $service definition is a system query option in OData V4, not OData V2, and it requests the service definition document, which is a JSON document that describes the capabilities and annotations of the service. $format is a system query option that can be used to specify the desired format of the response, such as XML or JSON, but it does not request the data model of the service. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 1.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 2.6
• OData Version 2.0: Part 1 - Protocol, Section 2.2.6
• OData Version 2.0: Part 3 - CSDL, Section 1

To set up unit testing for your SQL Script procedure, you use a library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST. A library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST is a special type of library that contains SQL Script test cases for testing the behavior and performance of SQL Script procedures. A SQL Script test case is a SQL Script procedure that has the prefix TEST_ and that uses the ASSERT and EXPECT statements to verify the expected results and outputs of the procedure under test. A library with language SQLSCRIPT TEST can be created in the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or in the SAP HANA Studio, and can be executed by using the SQL Script Test Framework, which is a tool that runs the test cases and generates a test report.

The following options are not used to set up unit testing for your SQL Script procedure, but for other purposes:

• SQL Script logging procedures: SQL Script logging procedures are procedures that use the APPLY_FILTER and APPLY_AGGREGATION statements to perform logging operations on table variables or cursors. SQL Script logging procedures can be used to monitor and analyze the execution of SQL Script procedures, but not to test their correctness or functionality.
• The SQL Script debugger: The SQL Script debugger is a tool that allows you to debug SQL Script procedures by setting breakpoints, inspecting variables, and stepping through the code. The SQL Script debugger can be used to identify and fix errors or bugs in SQL Script procedures, but not to verify their expected results or outputs.
• The SQL Script Code Analyzer: The SQL Script Code Analyzer is a tool that analyzes SQL Script code and provides suggestions and recommendations for improving its quality, performance, and maintainability. The SQL Script Code Analyzer can be used to optimize and refactor SQL Script code, but not to test its behavior or functionality.

References:

• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Chapter 6: SQLScript Test Framework, pp. 153-158.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 7: Developing SQLScript Procedures, Section 7.4: Testing SQLScript Procedures, pp. 137-140.

The APPLY_FILTER function is a SQLScript function that applies a filter condition to a table variable and returns a new table variable with the filtered rows. The APPLY_FILTER function supports the following parameters12:

• Filter condition: A mandatory parameter that specifies the filter condition as a string literal or a string expression. The filter condition must follow the syntax of the WHERE clause in SQL, and it can use column names, literals, operators, and functions. For example, APPLY_FILTER(:table_var, ‘price > 100 and category = ‘‘A’’’).
• Table variable: A mandatory parameter that specifies the table variable to which the filter condition is applied. The table variable must be a local or input parameter of the SQLScript procedure or function that calls the APPLY_FILTER function. For example, APPLY_FILTER(:table_var, :filter_cond).

The other options are not correct because they are not parameters of the APPLY_FILTER function. A join condition is a parameter of the APPLY_FILTER_JOIN function, which applies a filter condition to two table variables and returns a new table variable with the joined and filtered rows. An entity set is a parameter of the APPLY_FILTER_ENTITY function, which applies a filter condition to an entity set and returns a new entity set with the filtered rows. These functions are part of the SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL), and they are not part of the SQLScript language3. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, SQLScript Guide, SQLScript Functions, APPLY_FILTER
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Database Modules, Developing SQLScript Procedures and Functions, Using APPLY_FILTER
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL), Reference Guide, PAL SQLScript Functions, APPLY_FILTER_JOIN, APPLY_FILTER_ENTITY

The SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit is a web-based administration tool that allows you to manage the XS Advanced runtime environment, such as organizations, spaces, applications, services, and users. The XS Advanced Cockpit provides a graphical user interface that is similar to the SAP Cloud Platform Cockpit, to provide a consistent user experience in cloud and on-premise. The XS Advanced Cockpit is available for SAP HANA 2.0 SPS03 and later releases, and it replaces the deprecated XS Advanced Administration Tools.

One of the activities that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit is to monitor the applications assigned to the current space. A space is a logical grouping of applications and services that share a common development and runtime environment. Each space belongs to an organization, which is a collection of users and spaces that share a common quota of resources. You can use the XS Advanced Cockpit to view the list of applications deployed in a particular space, and see their status, instances, memory usage, disk usage, and bound services. You can also filter, sort, and search the applications by name, status, or type. You can also drill down into the details of each application, such as logs, events, environment variables, routes, and service bindings.

Another activity that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit is to start, stop, and restart the applications. You can use the XS Advanced Cockpit to control the lifecycle of the applications deployed in a space, such as starting an application that is stopped, stopping an application that is running, or restarting an application that is experiencing issues. You can also scale the applications by changing the number of instances or the memory and disk quota allocated to each instance. You can also delete the applications that are no longer needed.

The other options are incorrect because they are not activities that you can perform on an application in the XS Advanced Cockpit. You cannot deploy applications to SAP Cloud Platform from the XS Advanced Cockpit, as the XS Advanced Cockpit is only for managing the XS Advanced runtime environment on SAP HANA. To deploy applications to SAP Cloud Platform, you need to use the SAP Cloud Platform Cockpit or the Cloud Foundry Command Line Interface (CF CLI). You also cannot display the HDI container content from the XS Advanced Cockpit, as the HDI container is a database object that is not directly related to the application. To display the HDI container content, you need to use the SAP HANA Database Explorer or the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA XS Advanced Cockpit, Section 5

To produce sales value for the month using sales order line items (sales price per item x quantity sold), you can use a calculated column of a calculation view that performs the multiplication of the two columns and applies a transparent filter and a non-equijoin to restrict the data to the desired month. A transparent filter is a filter condition that is applied to the data source of a view node and is propagated to the subsequent nodes. A non-equijoin is a join condition that uses operators other than equality, such as greater than, less than, or between. For example, you can use a transparent filter to filter the sales order line items by the month of the order date, and then use a non-equijoin to join the sales order line items with the sales price table by the order date and the valid from and valid to dates of the sales price. References: Transparent Filters, Non-Equijoins, Create Calculated Columns.

 SAP HANA, express edition is a streamlined version of SAP HANA that can run on laptops and other resource-constrained hosts, such as a cloud-hosted virtual machine. SAP HANA, express edition is free to use for in-memory databases up to 32 GB of RAM. SAP HANA, express edition supports the following services:

• Text analytics: This service allows you to analyze unstructured text data, such as documents, emails, tweets, and blogs, using natural language processing techniques. You can use text analytics to extract entities, facts, sentiments, and keywords from text data, and to perform linguistic analysis, such as tokenization, lemmatization, and part-of-speech tagging.
• Multi-core and parallelization: This service allows you to leverage the multi-core architecture and parallel processing capabilities of SAP HANA to optimize the performance of data-intensive operations, such as queries, calculations, and transformations. You can use multi-core and parallelization to distribute the workload across multiple CPU cores and threads, and to execute tasks in parallel or in batches.
• Columnar OLTP and OLAP: This service allows you to store and process data in a columnar format, which enables faster data compression, aggregation, and analysis. You can use columnar OLTP and OLAP to support both transactional and analytical workloads on the same data set, without requiring data duplication or pre-aggregation.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Dynamic tiering: This service allows you to extend the SAP HANA in-memory database with disk-based tables that can store large volumes of warm or cold data. You can use dynamic tiering to reduce the memory footprint and cost of SAP HANA, while still maintaining query access to the disk-based data. However, dynamic tiering is not supported by SAP HANA, express edition, as it requires additional hardware and software components.
• D. System replication: This service allows you to create and maintain one or more secondary SAP HANA systems that are identical copies of a primary SAP HANA system. You can use system replication to ensure high availability and disaster recovery of SAP HANA, as the secondary systems can take over the role of the primary system in case of a failure. However, system replication is not supported by SAP HANA, express edition, as it requires additional licenses and configuration.

References:

• SAP HANA, express edition, Overview
• SAP HANA, express edition, Features
• SAP HANA, express edition, FAQ

 To consume a Node.js service in an SAPUI5 application, you need to define the variable for the exposed service in the requires section of the HTML5 module in the mta.xml file. This way, you can specify the dependency of the SAPUI5 application on the Node.js service and bind them together. The requires section allows you to reference a resource or a module that provides a service or a capability that your module needs. You can also define additional properties and parameters for the required element, such as the name of the variable that holds the service URL. References: The MTA Development Descriptor, The MTA Deployment Descriptor, Developing Multi-Target Applications

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, XSODATA supports the following HTTP commands to define the operations on the resources:

• DGET: Retrieves a single entity or a collection of entities from the data source.
• DPUT: Updates an existing entity in the data source.
• POST: Creates a new entity in the data source.
• DELETE: Deletes an existing entity from the data source.

The READ and INSERT commands are not valid HTTP commands for XSODATA. They are keywords that can be used in the service definition file (.xsodata) to specify the access mode for each entity set. References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111

OData is a protocol for exposing and consuming data over the web using RESTful APIs. OData supports various capacities, such as query options, operations, and annotations, to enable flexible and powerful data access and manipulation. SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XSA) is a framework for developing and deploying cloud-native applications on SAP HANA. XSA supports OData v4 as one of the service types that can be defined and exposed by the SAP Cloud Application Programming Model (CAP). XSA supports the following OData capacities in CAP:

• Aggregation: This capacity allows you to perform aggregation functions, such as sum, count, min, max, and average, on the data returned by an OData service. You can use the $apply query option to specify the aggregation expressions and groupings. XSA supports the OData Aggregation Extension for applying aggregations on entity sets and collections.
• Join: This capacity allows you to perform join operations on the data returned by an OData service. You can use the $expand query option to include related entities or properties in the response. XSA supports the OData Association and Navigation concepts for defining and accessing the relationships between entities.
• Association: This capacity allows you to define and use associations between entities in an OData service. Associations are semantic links that describe the cardinality and referential constraints of the relationships. You can use the OData Association and Referential Constraint annotations to specify the association details in the service definition or the metadata document.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Union: This capacity is not supported by OData or XSA. Union is a set operation that combines the results of two or more queries into a single result set. OData does not provide a query option or an extension for performing union operations on the data returned by an OData service.
• D. Projection: This capacity is supported by OData, but not by XSA. Projection is a query option that allows you to select a subset of properties or entities from an OData service. You can use the $select query option to specify the properties or entities you want to include in the response. However, XSA does not support the $select query option in CAP, as it relies on the projection capabilities of the underlying data source, such as SAP HANA or PostgreSQL.

References:

• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, OData v4 Support
• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Annotations
• OData Version 4.0 Part 1: Protocol
• OData Version 4.0 Part 2: URL Conventions
• OData Aggregation Extension for Data Services Version 4.0