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The following are the explanations for each ABAP SQL statement:

A: This statement is valid. It selects the fields carrid, airpfrom, and the aggregate functions MAX(distance) and MIN(distance) from the table /dmo/connection, and groups the results by carrid and airpfrom. The aggregate functions are aliased as dist_max and dist_min. The results are stored in an internal table named It_hits, which is created using the inline declaration operator @DATA.

B: This statement is valid. It is similar to statement A, except that it does not specify the GROUP BY clause. This means that the aggregate functions are applied to the entire table, and the results are stored in an internal table named It_hits, which is created using the inline declaration operator @DATA.

C: This statement is invalid. It selects the aggregate functions MAX(distance) and MIN(distance) from the table /dmo/connection, but it does not specify any grouping or non-aggregate fields. This is not allowed in ABAP SQL, as the SELECT list must contain at least one non-aggregate field or a GROUP BY clause. The statement will cause a syntax error.

D: This statement is invalid. It selects the fields carrid and airpfrom from the table /dmo/connection, and groups the results by carrid and connid. However, the field connid is not included in the SELECT list, which is not allowed in ABAP SQL, as the GROUP BY clause must contain only fields that are also in the SELECT list. The statement will cause a syntax error.

References: SELECT - ABAP Keyword Documentation, GROUP BY - ABAP Keyword Documentation

The ABAP Cloud Development Model is the ABAP development model to build cloud-ready business apps, services, and extensions. It comes with SAP BTP and SAP S/4HANA. It works with public or private cloud, and even on-premise1. However, the complete ABAP Cloud Development Model, including the cloud-optimized ABAP language and public local SAP APIs and extension points, is available only in SAP BTP ABAP Environment and in the 2208/2022 versions of the SAP S/4HANA editions1. Therefore, you must use the ABAP Cloud Development Model in SAP BTP, ABAP environment and SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition. You can also use it in SAP S/4HANA on premise, but it is not mandatory. You cannot use it in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, because it does not allow custom ABAP code2. References: 1: ABAP Cloud | SAP Blogs 2: SAP S/4HANA Cloud Extensibility – Overview and Comparison | SAP Blogs

Incomplete ABAP types are types that do not specify all the attributes of a data type, such as the length, the number of decimal places, or the value range. Incomplete types can only be used for the typing of field symbols and formal parameters, not for the definition of data objects or constants. Incomplete types can be either predefined or user-defined1.

The following are incomplete ABAP types:

C. C is a type for character strings with a generic length. The length of the character string has to be specified when a data object or a constant is defined with this type. For example, DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 10 defines a data object named text with a type c and a length of 10 characters2.

D. P is a type for packed numbers with a generic length and a generic number of decimal places. The length and the number of decimal places of the packed number have to be specified when a data object or a constant is defined with this type. For example, DATA amount TYPE p LENGTH 8 DECIMALS 2 defines a data object named amount with a type p, a length of 8 bytes, and 2 decimal places3.

The following are not incomplete ABAP types, because they specify all the attributes of a data type:

A. String is a type for variable-length character strings. The length of the character string is determined at runtime and can vary from 0 to 2,147,483,647 characters. The length does not have to be specified when a data object or a constant is defined with this type. For example, DATA text TYPE string defines a data object named text with a type string and a variable length4.

B. T is a type for time values in the format HHMMSS. The length of the time value is fixed at 6 characters and does not have to be specified when a data object or a constant is defined with this type. For example, DATA time TYPE t defines a data object named time with a type t and a length of 6 characters.

References: 1: Generic ABAP Types - ABAP Keyword Documentation 2: C - ABAP Keyword Documentation 3: P - ABAP Keyword Documentation 4: String - ABAP Keyword Documentation : T - ABAP Keyword Documentation

Core Data Services (CDS) is a framework for defining and consuming semantically rich data models in SAP HANA. CDS supports various features that enhance the capabilities of SQL and enable developers to create data models that are optimized for performance, readability, and extensibility12. Some of the features of CDS are:

Associations: Associations are a way of defining relationships between CDS entities, such as tables or views. Associations enable navigation and path expressions in CDS queries, which allow accessing data from related entities without explicit joins. Associations also support cardinality, referential constraints, and cascading options34.

Annotations: Annotations are a way of adding metadata to CDS entities or their elements, such as fields or parameters. Annotations provide additional information or instructions for the CDS compiler, the database, or the consumers of the CDS views. Annotations can be used for various purposes, such as defining access control, UI rendering, OData exposure, or search capabilities5 .

Structured Query Language (SQL): SQL is the standard language for querying and manipulating data in relational databases. CDS is based on SQL and extends it with additional features and syntax. CDS supports SQL features such as joins, aggregations, filters, expressions, functions, and subqueries. CDS also supports SQL Script, which is a scripting language for stored procedures and functions in SAP HANA .

You cannot do any of the following:

Inheritance: Inheritance is not a feature of CDS. Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming that allows a class to inherit the properties and methods of another class. CDS does not support object-oriented programming or classes.

Delegation: Delegation is not a feature of CDS. Delegation is a concept in object-oriented programming that allows an object to delegate some of its responsibilities to another object. CDS does not support object-oriented programming or objects.

References: 1: Core Data Services (CDS) | CAPire 2: Core Data Services [CDS] in SAP S/4 HANA | SAP Blogs 3: Associations in Core Data Services (CDS) | SAP Help Portal 4: [CDS DDL - Association - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help] 5: [Annotations in Core Data Services (CDS) | SAP Help Portal] : [CDS DDL - Annotation - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help] : [Structured Query Language (SQL) | SAP Help Portal] : [CDS DDL - SQL Features - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help] : [Object-Oriented Programming in ABAP | SAP Help Portal]