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 According to the PMBOK® Guide, the project manager should include projected inflation rates in the budget estimate for a long-term project that will be executed over several years. This is because inflation rates affect the purchasing power of the project funds and the cost of resources over time. By including projected inflation rates, the project manager can account for the changes in the value of money and the cost of goods and services, and adjust the budget accordingly. This is part of the Estimate Costs process, which involves developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete the project activities. References: (Professional in Business Analysis Reference Materials source and documents)

• PMBOK® Guide, 6th edition, Chapter 7, Section 7.2, Estimate Costs
• PMP Exam Prep, 10th edition, Rita Mulcahy, Page 223, Estimate Costs

According to the PMP Exam Content Outline, one of the tasks of a project manager in the leading domain is to “Empower team members and stakeholders by providing them with the level of authority to complete the assigned activities and resolve issues in order to enhance project performance.” This implies that the project manager should empower team members to participate in decision-making and take ownership of actions, especially in megaprojects that involve multiple stakeholders from different geographical areas and cultural backgrounds. Empowering team members can improve team productivity by increasing their motivation, commitment, creativity, and accountability. It can also foster a culture of collaboration, trust, and respect among the diverse team members and stakeholders. Empowering team members can also help the project manager to cope with the complexity and uncertainty of megaprojects, as team members can act more autonomously and responsively to the changing project environment. References:

• : PMP Exam Content Outline
• : A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), Sixth Edition, Chapter 9.4.2.3 and 9.4.3.1
• : Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, Chapter 4.5.1 and 4.5.2
• : Megaprojects – Concepts, Strategies, and Practices for Success1
• : The Three Secrets of Megaproject Success: Clear Strategic Vision, Total Alignment, and Adapting to Complexity2

The project manager should use the alignment of the project with the benefits management plan as an indicator that the project is actually delivering value because this is the best way to measure the project’s contribution to the organization’s strategic objectives and expected outcomes. The benefits management plan defines the benefits that the project is expected to deliver, the metrics and targets to evaluate them, the roles and responsibilities for benefits realization, and the timeline and process for benefits review and transition. By comparing the project’s performance and deliverables with the benefits management plan, the project manager can assess the value of the project and identify any gaps or issues that need to be addressed. The other options are not the best choices because they do not necessarily reflect the value of the project. Stakeholders’ satisfaction with the current status (option A) may be subjective and biased, and may not consider the long-term benefits of the project. The project being under budget and on schedule (option B) may indicate the project’s efficiency and adherence to the plan, but it does not guarantee the project’s effectiveness and alignment with the business needs. The project being aligned with the project charter (option C) may show the project’s compliance with the initial scope, objectives, and assumptions, but it does not account for any changes or updates that may affect the project’s value proposition. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, pages 33-34, 75-76, 129-130. PMP Questions page 457. PMP Practice Exam | Free PMP Practice Questions.

The definition of done (DoD) is a clear and concise list of requirements that a deliverable must meet to be considered complete and acceptable by the main stakeholder. The DoD helps to ensure that the quality standards are met and that the deliverables are aligned with the stakeholder’s expectations. The project manager should reinforce the DoD during sprint planning so that the team has a common understanding of what needs to be done and how to do it. This will help to prevent the deliverables from being rejected during the next iteration. Submitting a change request to prioritize resolutions for the quality issue (option A) may be necessary, but it does not address the root cause of the problem, which is the lack of clarity and agreement on the DoD. Assuring that the product backlog is properly prioritized to avoid dependencies that cause rejection (option C) is a good practice, but it does not ensure that the deliverables will meet the quality specifications. Creating a dedicated sprint to complete all of the pending specifications from previous sprints (option D) may be a viable option, but it may also delay the project and increase the cost. The best option is to reinforce the DoD and ensure that the team delivers what the stakeholder expects. References:

• PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 176, section 5.4.2.1 Definition of Done
• [Agile Practice Guide], page 54, section 4.2.2.1 Definition of Done
• PMP Exam Prep, 10th edition, page 425, question 425, answer and explanation