Network-and-Security-Foundation Exam Questions Tutorials

Authorizationis the process of granting specific access rights and permissions based on user roles. By implementingRole-Based Access Control (RBAC), organizations ensure that users only have access to resources necessary for their job functions, reducing the risk of insider threats.

Authenticationverifies identity but does not control access.

Accountinglogs activities but does not restrict access.

Availabilityensures system uptime but is unrelated to permissions.

Thepingcommand in Linux is used to check network connectivity to a specific hostname or IP address. It sends ICMP Echo Request packets and measures response times.

nslookupis used for DNS lookups, not connectivity testing.

ifconfigdisplays network interface configurations but does not test connectivity.

digis used for detailed DNS queries.

TheTransport layer(Layer 4 of the OSI model) includes theTransmission Control Protocol (TCP), which provides reliable, connection-oriented communication. TCP ensures error-checking, sequencing, and retransmission of lost packets.

Application layerdeals with end-user protocols like HTTP and FTP.

Session layermanages communication sessions but not transport protocols.

Network layerfocuses on IP addressing and routing, not transport mechanisms.

Social engineeringinvolves manipulating people into divulging confidential information, often by impersonation, deception, or psychological tactics. Using aforged ID cardto gain trust and extract sensitive information is a classic example of social engineering.

Brute-force attackattempts to guess passwords through automated methods.

Man-in-the-middle attackintercepts communication but does not rely on deception.

Pharmingtricks users into visiting fraudulent websites but does not involve impersonation.