Isaca Cybersecurity-Audit-Certificate Questions Answers

System hardening is a process that involves implementing security measures to reduce the system’s vulnerability. The main purpose of this process is to limit the number of attack vectors that can be exploited by threats. By removing unnecessary programs, closing unused ports, and applying security patches, the system’s attack surface is reduced, making it more difficult for attackers to find vulnerabilities to exploit.

References: The concept of system hardening is covered in ISACA’s resources as a means to protect information assets by addressing threats to information processed, stored, and transported by internetworked information systems1. It is a collection of tools and techniques aimed at reducing vulnerability in various areas of an IT system2.

Standards define the minimum acceptable rules for policy compliance. They are established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides forcommon and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

References: The information aligns with the ISACA’s definitions and usage of terms related to cybersecurity audits, where standards are often referred to as the mandatory requirements that must be followed to ensure policy compliance12.

Hacktivists are politically motivated hackers who target specific individuals or organizations to achieve various ideological ends. They may use various methods such as defacing websites, launching denial-of-service attacks, leaking confidential information, or spreading propaganda to advance their causes or protest against perceived injustices.

 Heuristic-based anti-malware is designed to detect new, previously unknown viruses and exploits by looking for known suspicious behavior patterns or anomalies. Unlike signature-based anti-malware, which relies on a database of known malware signatures, heuristic analysis can identify new threats without prior knowledge of the specific malware, making it more effective against unknown malware.

References: The effectiveness of heuristic-based anti-malware is supported by cybersecurity resources that highlight its ability to catch and block new and emerging threats before they can cause harm, as well as its capability to reduce false positives by evaluating the behavior of a file or program1. Additionally, heuristic analysis is recognized for its proactive threat detection, offering protection against malware that has yet to be discovered2.