Helping Hand Questions for CWISA-102

• PtMP (Point-to-Multipoint): A single access point (AP) communicates with multiple client devices. This means the AP needs to manage how the available airtime is shared among those clients.
• Airtime Fairness: Mechanisms are needed to ensure that:
• PtP (Point-to-Point): A dedicated link only has two devices, eliminating the need for complex airtime management.
• Considerations in Both: While interference, SINR, and frequency selection are important in both PtMP and PtP systems, the need for airtime management is unique to the multipoint scenario.

References:

• Wireless Network Topologies (PtP vs. PtMP): Explanations of the differences in how communication is managed in each scenario.
• TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A common airtime sharing method used in PtMP systems.

• LoRa: This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
• LoRaWAN: This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model
• LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.

References:

• LoRa Modulation: Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
• LoRaWAN Specification: Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
• OSI Model: Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.

• Capacity Planning: The number of devices a wireless network can support is the primary determinant of its required capacity. This is because:

• Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).
• Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read/write permissions).
• Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.

References:

• Identity and Access Management (IAM): Articles and resources outlining the core principles of authentication and authorization.
• Cybersecurity Best Practices: Guides on securing systems will often emphasize the need for both authentication and authorization controls.