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A push notification is a messaging feature that originates from a server and enables the delivery of data or a message from an application to a mobile device without any explicit request from the user. It allows applications to notify users of new messages, updates, or events even when the app is not actively running on the device. Push notifications are commonly used in mobile apps to engage users and provide timely information.

References: EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (E|CSS) documents and study guide1.

 Melanie discovered a logic flaw in the target web application that allowed her to view the source code. This flaw indicates a security misconfiguration, which can lead to further attacks. Security misconfigurations occur when an application or system is not properly configured, leaving it vulnerable to exploitation. References: EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (E|CSS) documents and study guide12.

The scenario described involves the use of a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server. RADIUS is a client-server protocol that provides centralized network authentication12. In this case, the access point (client) forwards the connection request to the RADIUS server, which then sends authentication keys to both the access point and the user’s laptop (supplicant). This process helps the access point identify the wireless client12.

RADIUS servers are also known as AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) servers because they provide these three services1. The authentication process begins when a user attempts to log into the network. Their device will request access either through the use of credentials or by presenting an X.509 digital certificate1. The RADIUS server then compares the user’s information with a list of users stored in a directory or IDP (Identity Provider)1.

Therefore, the authentication method demonstrated in the scenario is centralized authentication (Option D), where a central server (in this case, the RADIUS server) handles the authentication of users.

The attack described involves intercepting and manipulating SOAP messages, which is characteristic of a wrapping attack. In a wrapping attack, the attacker intercepts the SOAP message and alters the body content to perform unauthorized actions, such as running malicious code on the server. This type of attack exploits the XML signature or encryption of SOAP messages, allowing the attacker to impersonate a legitimate user and gain unauthorized access.

References: The information is based on common knowledge regarding SOAP vulnerabilities and attacks, as described in resources like the EC-Council’s Certified Security Specialist (E|CSS) program and other cybersecurity literature. Specific details about SOAP message security and wrapping attacks can be found in the EC-Council’s E|CSS study materials and official courseware.