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ADNS sinkholeis a network security mechanism thatintercepts DNS queriesand redirects them to a controlled server.

Functionality:Instead of allowing the exfiltration traffic to reach its intended destination, the sinkhole captures and analyzes the data.

Detection and Prevention:Identifies and mitigates DNS-based data exfiltration attempts.

Monitoring:Enables security teams to detect compromised systems attempting to exfiltrate data.

Incorrect Options:

A. Implement SSL encryption on DNS server:Does not address data exfiltration through DNS queries.

B. Host-based IDS (HIDS):Detects anomalies but cannot block DNS-based exfiltration.

C. Block all outbound DNS traffic:Impractical as DNS is essential for network communication.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 8, Section "DNS Exfiltration Techniques," Subsection "Mitigation Strategies" - DNS sinkholes are effective for capturing and analyzing malicious DNS queries.

The compromise occurred despiteencryption and proper access rights, indicating that the attacker likelygained access through compromised credentials.MFAwould mitigate this by:

Adding a Layer of Security:Even if credentials are stolen, the attacker would also need the second factor (e.g., OTP).

Account Compromise Prevention:Prevents unauthorized access even if username and password are known.

Insufficient Authentication:The absence of MFA often leaves systems vulnerable to credential-based attacks.

Other options analysis:

A. Continual backups:Addresses data loss, not unauthorized access.

C. Encryption in transit:Encryption was already implemented.

D. Configured firewall:Helps with network security, not authentication.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 7: Access Management and Authentication:Discusses the critical role of MFA in preventing unauthorized access.

Chapter 9: Identity and Access Control:Highlights how MFA reduces the risk of data exposure.

To maintain consistent management ofsupply chain risk, it is essential toperiodically confirm that suppliers meet their contractual obligations.

Risk Assurance:Verifies that suppliers adhere to security standards and commitments.

Compliance Monitoring:Ensures that the agreed-upon controls and service levels are maintained.

Consistency:Regular checks prevent lapses in compliance and identify potential risks early.

Supplier Audits:Include reviewing security controls, data protection measures, and compliance with regulations.

Incorrect Options:

A. Seeking feedback from procurement:Useful but not directly related to risk management.

C. Counting incident tickets:Measures service performance, not risk consistency.

D. Informal meetings:Lacks formal assessment and verification of obligations.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 9, Section "Supply Chain Risk Management," Subsection "Monitoring and Compliance" - Periodic verification of contractual compliance ensures continuous risk management.

From a security perspective,GUIs can be designed to integrate encryption more seamlesslythan command-line interfaces:

User-Friendly Security:GUI applications can prompt users to enable encryption during setup, whereas CLI requires manual configuration.

Embedded Features:GUI tools often include integrated encryption options by default.

Reduced Human Error:GUI-based configuration reduces the risk of syntax errors that might leave encryption disabled.

Incorrect Options:

B. CLI commands do not need to be exact:Incorrect, as CLI commands must be precise.

C. Scripting is easier with GUI:Generally, scripting is more efficient with CLI, not GUI.

D. GUI provides more flexibility:Flexibility is not necessarily related to security.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Interface Security," Subsection "GUI vs. CLI" - GUI environments are often designed to integrate security features such as encryption more effectively.