Changed 312-50v12 Exam Questions

SYN/FIN scanning using IP fragments is a process of scanning that was developed to avoid false positives generated by other scans because of a packet filtering device on the target system. The TCP header splits into several packets to evade the packet filter. For any transmission, every TCP header must have the source and destination port for the initial packet (8-octet, 64-bit). The initialized flags in the next packet allow the remote host to reassemble the packets upon receipt via an Internet protocol module that detects the fragmented data packets using field-equivalent values of the source, destination, protocol, and identification.

Adversaries could decide to build an possible or file difficult to find or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. this is often common behavior which will be used across totally different platforms and therefore the network to evade defenses.

Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted so as to avoid detection. These payloads may be used throughout Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. typically a user’s action could also be needed to open and Deobfuscate/Decode Files or info for User Execution. The user can also be needed to input a parole to open a parole protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the mortal. Adversaries can also used compressed or archived scripts, like JavaScript.

Portions of files can even be encoded to cover the plain-text strings that will otherwise facilitate defenders with discovery. Payloads can also be split into separate, ostensibly benign files that solely reveal malicious practicality once reassembled.

Adversaries can also modify commands dead from payloads or directly via a Command and Scripting Interpreter. surroundings variables, aliases, characters, and different platform/language specific linguistics may be wont to evade signature based mostly detections and application management mechanisms.

An advanced persistent threat (APT) may be a broad term wont to describe AN attack campaign within which an intruder, or team of intruders, establishes a bootleg, long presence on a network so as to mine sensitive knowledge.

The targets of those assaults, that square measure terribly fastidiously chosen and researched, usually embrace massive enterprises or governmental networks. the implications of such intrusions square measure huge, and include:

• Intellectual property thieving (e.g., trade secrets or patents)
• Compromised sensitive info (e.g., worker and user personal data)
• The sabotaging of essential structure infrastructures (e.g., information deletion)
• Total website takeovers

Executing an APT assault needs additional resources than a regular internet application attack. The perpetrators square measure typically groups of intimate cybercriminals having substantial resource. Some APT attacks square measure government-funded and used as cyber warfare weapons.

APT attacks dissent from ancient internet application threats, in that:

• They’re considerably additional advanced.
• They’re not hit and run attacks—once a network is infiltrated, the culprit remains so as to realize the maximum amount info as potential.
• They’re manually dead (not automated) against a selected mark and indiscriminately launched against an outsized pool of targets.
• They typically aim to infiltrate a complete network, as opposition one specific half.

More common attacks, like remote file inclusion (RFI), SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS), square measure oftentimes employed by perpetrators to ascertain a footing in a very targeted network. Next, Trojans and backdoor shells square measure typically wont to expand that foothold and make a persistent presence inside the targeted perimeter.