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Note:

You might want a local IPS repository for the following reasons:

Performance and security. You do not want your client systems to go to the Internet to retrieve new software packages or update existing packages.

Replication. You want to ensure that you can perform the same installation next year that you perform today.

Custom packages. You want to include your own IPS package in the same repository with Oracle Solaris OS packages.

Required to maintain high availability --> use a mirror.

The same data will be accessed many times throughout the day. Configure the storage for maximum performance. Use caching.

Signature Policy: verify

Verify that all manifests with signatures are validly signed, but do not require all installed packages to be signed.

This is the default value.

Create the etherstub.

global# dladm create-etherstub etherstub

Create a VNIC over the etherstub.

global# dladm create-vnic -l etherstub vnic

Note: Etherstubs / Virtual Switches

The Etherstub is craeated as a dummy device to connect the various virtual NICs. User can imagine etherstub as a Virtual Switch to help visualize the virtual network as a replacement for a physical network where each physical switch is replaced by a virtual switch.

URL:

Note:

* The Trusted Solaris environment provides audit classes including:

ss - Change system state

no - Invalid class

lo - Login or logout

* always-audit

Lists the audit classes that are audited for this user. Modifications to the system-wide classes are prefixed by a caret (^). Classes that are added to the system-wide classes are not prefixed by a caret.

never-audit

Lists the audit classes that are never audited for the user, even if these audit events are audited system-wide. Modifications to the system-wide classes are prefixed by a caret (^).

* Process preselection mask – A combination of the system-wide audit mask and the user-specific audit mask, if a user audit mask has been specified. When a user logs in, the login process combines the preselected classes to establish the process preselection mask for the user's processes. The process preselection mask specifies whether events in each audit class are to generate audit records.

The following algorithm describes how the system obtains the user's process preselection mask:

(system-wide default flags + always-audit-classes) - never-audit-classes

* getent user_attr

getent

- get entries from administrative database

getent gets a list of entries from the administrative database specified by database. The information generally comes from one or more of the sources that are specified for the database in /etc/nsswitch.conf.

Example:

The default service model is contract, but may be modified. For this example, we are going to start the service with svc.startd. As a transient service, it will be started once and not restarted by adding the following lines to the manifest:

/>

Note:

svc.startd provides three models of service, which are

* Transient services—These are often configuration services, which require no long-running processes to provide service. Common transient services take care of boot-time cleanup or load configuration properties into the kernel. Transient services are also sometimes used to overcome difficulties in conforming to the method requirements for contract or wait services. This is not recommended and should be considered a stopgap measure.

* Contract services—These are the standard system daemons. They require processes which run forever once started to provide service. Death of all processes in a contract service is considered a service error, which will cause the service to restart.

* Wait services—These services run for the lifetime of the child process, and are restarted when that process exits.

svccfg

subcommand: revert [snapshot]

Reverts the administrative customizations of the currently selected instance and its service to those recorded in the named snapshot. If no argument is given, use the currently selected snapshot and deselect it on success.

Incorrect:

Not A: Rollback to as-delivered system: svccfg delcust

svccfg

subcommand: delcust [-M] [pattern]

Delete any administrative customizations for the current selection. If an argument is supplied, it is taken as a glob pattern and only property groups and properties with names that match the argument are deleted.

Not B: There is no command revetsnap

Not C: Run the command /lib/svc/bin/restore_repository, and follow its instructions to restore one of the automatic backup copies of the repository. Upon successful completion, the system or local zone will be rebooted, and the restored repository will take effect.

Not D:

* pkgrecv

- Image Packaging System content retrieval utility

pkgrecv allows the user to retrieve packages from a pkg repository or package archive. pkgrecv can also optionally republish the retrieved packages to a different package repository or archive them.

-s src_repo_uri

A URI representing the location of a pkg repository or package archive from which to receive package data.

-d path_or_uri

The file system path or URI of the target to republish packages to. If -a is specified, the target is a new package archive that cannot already exist. Otherwise, the target must be a package repository that already exists. New repositories can be created using pkgrepo(1).

Use one of the following methods to restart the depot server process:

B: Use svcadm(1M) to restart the application/pkg/server instance.

C: Send a SIGUSR1 signal to the depot server process using kill(1). This executes a “graceful restart” that leaves the process intact but reloads all configuration, package, and search data:

# kill -USR1 pid

Note:

* The pkd.depotd service is managed by SMF under the service identifier svc:/application/pkg/server.

* Example:

root@solaris:~# zonecfg -z zd1

Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.

zonecfg:zd1> create

create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault'

zonecfg:zd1> exit

zonepath cannot be empty.

Zone zd1 failed to verify

zd1: Required resource missing

Configuration not saved; really quit (y/[n])? n

zonecfg:zd1> verify

zonepath cannot be empty.

zd1: Required resource missing

zonecfg:zd1> set zonepath=/zones/zd1

zonecfg:zd1> exit

Note:

* anet

Automatic network interface.

The anet resource represents the automatic creation of a network resource for an exclusive-IP zone.

Example. Displaying Administratively Customized Properties (here only admin layer is displayed with –l)

The following command uses SMF layers to display administratively customized properties.

example% svcprop -p config -l admin svc:/network/dns/client

(A) config/domain astring admin my.domain.com

(D) config/nameserver net_address admin 10.22.33.44 10.44.33.11

Note:

* config/nameserver refers to the Solaris DNS server.

/ The nameserver keyword specifies DNS servers to query using IP address.

Example:

The /etc/resolv.conf file contains configuration directives for the DNS resolver. The following resolv.conf example shows two name servers and three search suffixes:

domain nj.bigcorporation.com

nameserver 192.168.10.11

nameserver 192.168.20.88

* The svcprop utility prints values of properties in the service configuration repository. Properties are selected by -p options and the operands

C: You cannot activate an unbootable BE in a nested BE.

BE solaris-1 is marked with !R.

Unbootable BEs inside of a nested BE are represented by an exclamation point (!)

BF: BE solaris-1 is marked with !R.

Unbootable BEs inside of a nested BE are represented by an exclamation point (!)

Incorrect:

Not A: BE1 can be activated. It is bootable (not marked with a !)

Not D: Different BEs can be used in the two zones.

Not E: BE solaris-1 is not marked with an N. The Active field indicates whether the boot environment is active now, represented by N

Profiles are, in many ways, similar to manifests in that they use the same XML DTD. However, instead of providing information about a service, its dependencies, and methods, a profile is used to provide customization of a service or an instance of a service. Customizations include whether an instance of a service should be enabled or disabled and any modifications to service configuration properties.

Incorrect:

Not A: Manifests (not profiles) are used to describe services and instances of a service, including any property groups and properties they might have.

A: Resource Allocation: Zones, Pools and FSS

Example:

Then create a pool for your zone (in this example, we'll use the zones named 'habitue,' 'creator,' 'netid,' and 'linguo'): pooladm -x

pooladm -s

poolcfg -c 'create pool habitue-pool ( string pool.scheduler = "FSS" )'

poolcfg -c 'create pool creator-pool ( string pool.scheduler = "FSS" )'

poolcfg -c 'create pool linguo-pool ( string pool.scheduler = "FSS" )'

poolcfg -c 'create pool netid-pool ( string pool.scheduler = "FSS" )'

pooladm -c

B: Set the default scheduler for the system to be the FSS.

# dispadmin -d FSS

D: Example:

global# zonecfg -z global

zonecfg:myzone> set cpu-shares=100

zonecfg:myzone> set scheduling-class=FSS

zonecfg:myzone> exit

C: You can use the scheduling-class property in zonecfg to set the scheduling class for the zone.

D: When you explicitly set the cpu-shares property, the fair share scheduler (FSS) will be used as the scheduling class for that zone. However, the preferred way to use FSS in this case is to set FSS to be the system default scheduling class with the dispadmin command. That way, all zones will benefit from getting a fair share of the system CPU resources. If cpu-shares is not set for a zone, the zone will use the system default scheduling class.

E: You can set the scheduling class for a zone through the resource pools facility. If the zone is associated with a pool that has its pool.scheduler property set to a valid scheduling class, then processes running in the zone run in that scheduling class by default.

AD: Manifests from the standard directory trees /lib/svc/manifest and /var/svc/manifest are processed during system boot and anytime an administrator or program runs:

$ svcadm restart manifest-import

C: svccfg

apply subcommand

If the argument is a service profile or manifest, apply the configuration to the admin layer of the SMF repository. Services, instances, property groups, and properties will be created as necessary.

E: import [-V] [file | directory]

svccfg import on a file in a system-managed filesystem location (subdirectories of /lib/svc/manifest and /var/svc/manifest) invokes: svcadm restart manifest-import.

Placing your manifests in a system-managed location and invoking svcadm restart manifest-import to import them is the recommended practice.

svccfg import on files in other locations imports their properties as administrative customization into the admin layer. It is equivalent to:

svccfg apply [file | directory]

Incorrect:

not B: Manifests are processed in two different phases during boot.

The service svc:/system/early-manifest-import:default, a pseudo service, is responsible for the first manifest processing. This service processes only manifests from the /lib/svc/manifest directory tree before svc.startd(1M) initializes any services thus enabling services delivered in /lib/svc/manifest to always start with their most updated definition. Since this is a pseudo service, svcadm(1M) commands are ignored though svcs(1) can be used to observe status and get log file information.

The svc:/system/manifest-import:default service handles the second manifest processing and imports manifest files from both /lib/svc/manifest and /var/svc/manifest directory trees, in that respective order.

C: a user must be assigned to a default project, the processes that the user launches can be associated with any of the projects of which that user is a member.

D: How to Create a New Task

1.Log in as a member of the destination project, booksite in this example.

2.Create a new task in the booksite project by using the newtask command with the -v (verbose) option to obtain the system task ID.

machine% newtask -v -p booksite

16

The execution of newtask creates a new task in the specified project, and places the user's default shell in this task.

3.View the current project membership of the invoking process.

machine% id -p

uid=100(mark) gid=1(other) projid=4113(booksite)

The process is now a member of the new project.

Note:

* Projects are collections of tasks, which are collections of processes.

* Projects and tasks are used to label workloads and separate them from one another.

Incorrect:

Not A: The task collects a group of processes into a manageable entity that represents a workload component.

Not E: If no default project is found, the user's login, or request to start a process, is denied.